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Android中自定义属性(attrs.xml,TypedArray的使用)

做Android布局是件很享受的事,这得益于他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效的为软件定义界面。可是有时候我们总感觉官方定义的一些基本组件不够用,自定义组件就不可避免了。那么如何才能做到像官方提供的那些组件一样用xml来定义他的属性呢?现在我们就来讨论一下他的用法。
1、添加文件attrs.xml,位于res\values目录下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <resources>
     
  <declare-styleable name="myView">
  <attr name="textColor" format="color"/>
  <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/>
  </declare-styleable>
  
 </resources>

 

2、创建自定义控件:

package com.szy.custom;   

     

import com.szy.custom.R;   

    

import android.content.Context;   
import android.content.res.TypedArray;   
import android.graphics.Canvas;   

import android.graphics.Color;   

import android.graphics.Paint;   

import android.graphics.Rect;   

import android.graphics.Paint.Style;   

import android.util.AttributeSet;   
import android.view.View;   

     

 public class MyView extends View {   

     private Paint myPaint;   

     private static final String myString = "Hello CustomView!";   

     

     public MyView(Context context) {   

         super(context);   

         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub   

      }   

         

     public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attr) {   

         super(context, attr);   

          myPaint = new Paint();   

          TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attr, R.styleable.myView);//TypedArray是一个数组容器   

         float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.myView_textSize, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义,就加上了默认值30   

         int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.myView_textColor, 0xFFFFFFFF);//同上,这里的属性是:名字_属性名   

          myPaint.setTextSize(textSize);   

          myPaint.setColor(textColor);   

          a.recycle();//我的理解是:返回以前取回的属性,供以后使用。以前取回的可能就是textSize和textColor初始化的那段   

      }   

     @Override  

     protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {   

         // TODO Auto-generated method stub   

         super.onDraw(canvas);   

         //myPaint = new Paint();   

          myPaint.setColor(Color.RED);   

          myPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);   

             

          canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10,10,100,100), myPaint);   

          myPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);   

          canvas.drawText(myString, 10, 100, myPaint);   

      }   

 } 

3、在Activity布局文件中使用自定义控件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   

2 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</a>"   

3     xmlns:test="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom</a>"   

4     android:orientation="vertical"   

5     android:layout_width="fill_parent"   

6     android:layout_height="fill_parent"   

7     >   

8 <TextView    

9     android:layout_width="fill_parent"   

10     android:layout_height="wrap_content"   

11     android:text="@string/hello"  

12     />   

13 <com.adnroid.test.MyView  

14     android:layout_width="fill_parent"  

15     android:layout_height="fill_parent"  

16     test:textSize="10px"  

17     test:textColor="#fff"  

18     />   

19 </LinearLayout> 

附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
                     />
2. color:颜色值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <TextView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                     />
3. boolean:布尔值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:focusable = "true"
                    />
4. dimension:尺寸值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    />
5. float:浮点值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                   />
6. integer:整型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <animated-rotate
                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"
                   />
7. string:字符串。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                    />
8. fraction:百分数。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
                 android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"
                 android:pivotX = "200%"
                 android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"
                 android:repeatMode = "restart"
                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                   />
9. enum:枚举值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <LinearLayout
                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
     (1)属性定义:
             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>
     (2)属性使用:
            <activity
                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>

             </activity>
     注意:
     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
                     />

posted on 2012-09-17 10:21  Blacksky  阅读(1733)  评论(2)    收藏  举报
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