在Linux环境中下载安装python

1. 确认系统版本

[root@serverAliYun ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

 

2. 安装依赖

这里openssl 部分是强相关的，如果不安装，后续 import ssl 会报错提示找不到 module. 代码中涉及到 https 的部分都无法运行。

[root@serverAliYun ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

3. openssl 环境变量

export CFLAGS=$(pkg-config --cflags openssl11)
export LDFLAGS=$(pkg-config --libs openssl11)

4. 下载python源码包

wget -P /test https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.1/Python-3.11.1.tar.xz

5. 解压 && 移动

tar xvf Python-3.11.1.tar.xz 
mv Python-3.11.1 /usr/local/python3.11
cd /usr/local/python3.11/

6. 修改配置文件，vim Modules/Setup，取消以下部分的注释，让Python 在编译时就把 ssl 带上

第147行

_socket socketmodule.c

第215行 和 216行

_ssl _ssl.c $(OPENSSL_INCLUDES) $(OPENSSL_LDFLAGS) $(OPENSSL_LIBS)
_hashlib _hashopenssl.c $(OPENSSL_INCLUDES) $(OPENSSL_LDFLAGS) -lcrypto

7.?安装 && 编译

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sbin/python3.11
make && make install

8. 等待安装完成

Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
  WARNING: The scripts pip3 and pip3.11 are installed in '/usr/local/sbin/python3.11/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed pip-22.3.1 setuptools-65.5.0
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

9. 初步验证

[root@serverAliYun python3.11]# /usr/local/sbin/python3.11/bin/python3 -V
Python 3.11.1
[root@serverAliYun python3.11]# /usr/local/sbin/python3.11/bin/python3
Python 3.11.1 (main, Jan 23 2023, 11:22:16) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>> quit()

10. 移除旧软连接，创建新软连接

此时python 还是对应默认的 Python2.7，我们需要把他切换为 Python3 （还有个 Python-config 没有动，暂时保留）

# 查找
ll /usr/bin/ |grep python
ll /usr/bin/ |grep pip

# 删除
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
rm -rf /usr/bin/pip

# 重建
ln -sv /usr/local/sbin/python3.11/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python3.11/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip

11. 确认效果

[root@serverAliYun ~]# python -V
Python 3.11.1
[root@serverAliYun ~]# pip --version
pip 22.3.1 from /usr/local/sbin/python3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip (python 3.11)
[root@serverAliYun ~]# 

12. 此时python默认已经是3.11，但CentOS yum 还是依赖Python2.7，需要修改 yum 相关配置文件，确保yum 依然能够正常运行

将/usr/bin/yum的顶部的：

!/usr/bin/python  改成  !/usr/bin/python2.7 


将/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down的顶部的：

/usr/bin/python  改为   /usr/bin/python2.7


将/usr/bin/yum-config-manager的顶部的

#!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7  

 

 

mysql环境变量

export MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS="-I/usr/include/python3.9 -I/usr/include/mysql"

export MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqlclient"

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