CentOS7安装nginx
一. gcc 安装
安装 nginx 需要先将官网下载的源码进行编译，编译依赖 gcc 环境，如果没有 gcc 环境，则需要安装：
yum install gcc-c++
二. PCRE pcre-devel 安装
PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) 是一个Perl库，包括 perl 兼容的正则表达式库。nginx 的 http 模块使用 pcre 来解析正则表达式，所以需要在 linux 上安装 pcre 库，pcre-devel 是使用 pcre 开发的一个二次开发库。nginx也需要此库。命令：
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
三. zlib 安装
zlib 库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的方式， nginx 使用 zlib 对 http 包的内容进行 gzip ，所以需要在 Centos 上安装 zlib 库。
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
四. OpenSSL 安装
OpenSSL 是一个强大的安全套接字层密码库，囊括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及 SSL 协议，并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。
nginx 不仅支持 http 协议，还支持 https（即在ssl协议上传输http），所以需要在 Centos 安装 OpenSSL 库。
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
官网下载
1.直接下载.tar.gz安装包，地址：https://nginx.org/en/download.html
或者使用wget命令下载（推荐）。
wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
解压
依然是直接命令：
tar -zxvf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz cd nginx-1.10.1
配置
其实在 nginx-1.10.1 版本中你就不需要去配置相关东西，默认就可以了。当然，如果你要自己配置目录也是可以的。
1.使用默认配置
./configure
2.自定义配置（不推荐）
./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf \ --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.pid \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi
注：将临时文件目录指定为/var/temp/nginx，需要在/var下创建temp及nginx目录
编译安装
make make install
查找安装路径：
whereis nginx
启动、停止nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ ./nginx ./nginx -s stop ./nginx -s quit ./nginx -s reload./nginx -s quit:此方式停止步骤是待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止。./nginx -s stop:此方式相当于先查出nginx进程id再使用kill命令强制杀掉进程。
查询nginx进程：
ps aux|grep nginx
重启 nginx
1.先停止再启动（推荐）：
对 nginx 进行重启相当于先停止再启动，即先执行停止命令再执行启动命令。如下：
./nginx -s quit
./nginx
2.重新加载配置文件：
当 ngin x的配置文件 nginx.conf 修改后，要想让配置生效需要重启 nginx，使用-s reload不用先停止 ngin x再启动 nginx 即可将配置信息在 nginx 中生效，如下：
./nginx -s reload
3、强制关闭：
pkill nginx
到这里，nginx就安装完毕了，启动、停止、重启操作也都完成了。
用rpm命令安装pcre报错：
缺少C++编译环境：
1、安装g++:
（1）下载gcc-c++rpm包
rpm -ivh gcc-c++
缺少：libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm和libstdc++-devl-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm
(2)下载libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm和libstdc++-devl-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm报错：文件冲突
解决办法：rpm -ivh --force --nodeps libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm
（3）安装libstdc++-devl
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nginx配置参数：
理解configure脚本的参数
Nginx Users and Groups:
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命令参数
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描述
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--user=USER
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指定Nginx运行的用户
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--group=GROUP
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指定Nginx运行的组
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Nginx 配置目录设置：
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命令参数
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描述
|
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--prefix=PATH
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Nginx服务器路径，除配置和库以外的所有文件。默认路径是/usr/local/nginx，而基于软件包管理器的安装使用/etc/nginx目录。
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--sbin-path=PATH
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Nginx可执行文件路径，这个路径托管nginx可执行文件。
默认路径是/usr/local /nginx/sbin/nginx，而基于软件包管理器的安装使用/usr/sbin /nginx目录。
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--conf-path=PATH
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Nginx配置路径，这个路径将主机nginx.conf，mime.type和其他各种配置文件。
默认情况下，该文件位于/usr /local/nginx/conf /中，软件包管理器安装将文件托管在/ etc/nginx/中。
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--pid-path=PATH
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Nginx进程nginx.pid文件，这个文件将存储Nginx进程的进程ID。
默认情况下，该文件位于/usr/local/nginx/logs/，软件包管理器安装的使用路径是/var/run/。
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--lock-path=PATH
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Nginx锁定文件nginx.lock文件，该文件包含特定进程已经使用的资源的锁定信息。
默认情况下，该文件位于/usr/local/nginx/logs，软件包管理器使用路径/var /run/。
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Nginx日志目录选项：
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命令参数
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描述
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--error-log-path=PATH
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Nginx服务器错误日志路径，该文件将包含将包含错误，警告和诊断错误输出的文件名。默认目录：/usr/loacl/nginx/logs/error.log。
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--http-log-path=PATH
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Nginx服务器访问日志路径，该文件将包含Nginx托管网站的HTTP请求日志详细信息。默认情况下，HTTP访问和错误日志文件目录是/usr /local /nginx /logs/，软件包管理器在/var/log /nginx/上安装日志文件。
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--http-client-body-temp-path=PATH
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HTTP请求的临时文件位置。 它拥有客户端请求的报文体。
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--http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH
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HTTP FastCGI，uWSGI，SCGI应用程序的临时文件位置。 该位置存储从FastCGI，uWSGI和SCGI服务器接收到的数据的临时文件。
默认情况下，临时路径文件夹在/usr/ local / nginx / logs /下创建，软件包管理器配置/ var / cache / nginx /目录。
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--http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH
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--http-scgi-temp-path=PATH
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安装Nginx时可以启用的所有http模块:
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Command Parameter
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Description
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--with-http_ssl_module
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This module provides support for HTTPS websites; this module requires OpenSSL to be enabled.
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--with-http_realip_module
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This module is used to get the real IP address of the client that is specified in the HTTP header.
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--with-http_addition_module
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This module is a filter module that is used to add text before and after a response.
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--with-http_sub_module
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This module is a substitution filter, and it is used to replace one specified string by another.
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--with-http_dav_module
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This module is used to enable WebDAV feature for file management using PUT, DELETE, MKCOL, COPY, and MOVE methods.
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--with-http_flv_module
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This module enables pseudo-streaming functionality for flash video file.
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--with-http_mp4_module
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This module enables pseudo-streaming functionality for .mp4, .m4v, or .m4a files.
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--with-http_gunzip_module
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This module is used to decompress content for clients that do not a support gzip encoding method.
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--with-http_gzip_static_module
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This module allows sending precompressed files with the .gz filename extension.
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--with-http_random_index_module
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This module picks a random file in a directory to serve as an index file.
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--with-http_secure_link_module
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This module is used to authenticate the requested link using the hash to protect resource from unauthorized access.
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--with-http_stub_status_module
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This module provides access to basic status information.
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--with-http_auth_request_module
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This module implements client authorization based on response code.
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--with-http_spdy_module
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This module provides support for Googles SPDY protocol. This is now a deprecated and is replaced by the newer HTTP/2 module.
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--with-http_xslt_module
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This is a filter module that transforms XML responses using XSLT stylesheets.
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--with-http_image_filter_module
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This is a filter module that is used to process JPEG, GIF and PNG images.
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--with-http_geoip_module
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This module is used for geo-targeting, it looks for client IP and compares it with the precompiled MaxMind database.
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--with-http_degradation_module
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This module is used to serve a particular error message when the server faces a low memory issue.
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禁用Nginx默认情况下启用模块:
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Command Parameter
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Description
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--without-http_charset_module
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Disables re-encoding Charset to another.
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--without-http_gzip_module
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Disables gzip compression module.
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--without-http_ssi_module
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Disable Server Side Include module.
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--without-http_userid_module
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Disables cookie-based client identification .
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--without-http_access_module
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Disables client IP address based access filtering.
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--without-http_auth_basic_module
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Disables HTTP Basic Authentication module that is used to validate user access.
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--without-http_autoindex_module
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Disables directory listing of the website.
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--without-http_geo_module
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Disables geo-module allowing you to define variables with values depending on the client IP address.
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--without-http_map_module
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Disables map module that is used to define map blocks.
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--without-http_split_clients_module
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Disables split testing module.
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--without-http_referer_module
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Disables blocking access to sites for requests with invalid “Referer” header.
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--without-http_rewrite_module
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Disables HTTP rewrite module.
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--without-http_proxy_module
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Disables HTTP proxy module used to redirect to another server.
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--without-http_fastcgi_module
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Disables FastCGI module.
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--without-http_uwsgi_module
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Disables uWSGI module.
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--without-http_scgi_module
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Disables SCGI module.
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--without-http_memcached_module
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Disables memcached module that is used to obtain responses from memcached server.
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--without-http_limit_conn_module
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Disables connection limit set as per the defined key rule.
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--without-http_limit_req_module
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Disables request processing limit set as per the defined key.
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--without-http_empty_gif_module
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Disables transferring single pixel transparent gif.
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--without-http_browser_module
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Disables identifying User Agent from request header field.
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--without-http_upstream_hash_module
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Disables HTTP load balancing method for server group where the client-server mapping is based on the hashed key value.
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--without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
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Disables HTTP load balancing where requests are distributed across group of servers based on client IP address.
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--without-http_upstream_least_conn_module
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Disables HTTP load balancing where a request is passed to the server with the least number of active connections.
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--without-http_upstream_keepalive_module
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Disables cache for connections to upstream servers.
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--without-mail_pop3_module
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Disables POP3 module for mail server proxy.
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--without-mail_imap_module
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Disables IMAP module for mail server proxy.
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--without-mail_smtp_module
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Disabled SMTP module for mail server proxy .
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优化模块,Nginx可用的不同优化参数:
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Command Parameter
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Description
|
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--with-cc=PATH
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Used to specify alternate location for C compiler.
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--with-cpp=PATH
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Used to specify alternate location for C preprocessor.
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--with-cc-opt=OPTIONS
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Used to add parameters that will be added to the CFLAGS variable.
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--with-ld-opt=OPTIONS
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Used to define additional parameters that will be used during linking.
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--with-cpu-opt=CPU
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Used to specify different processor architecture.
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Command Parameter
|
Description
|
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--with-md5=DIR
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Specifies the path to md5 library sources.
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--with-md5-opt=OPTIONS
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Used to specify additional build options for md5.
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--with-md5-asm
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Uses md5 assembler sources.
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SHA1选项
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Command Parameter
|
Description
|
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--with-sha1=DIR
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Specifies the path to sha1 library sources.
|
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--with-sha1-opt=OPTIONS
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Used to specify additional build options for sha1.
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--with-sha1-asm
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Uses sha1 assembler sources .
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zlib选项
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Command Parameter
|
Description
|
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--with-zlib=DIR
|
Specifies path of the zlib libraries, used when using specific version of zlib libraries.
|
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--with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS
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Used to specify additional build options for zlib.
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--with-zlib-asm=CPU
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Uses zlib assembler sources that are optimized for Pentium or Pentiumpro CPU architecture.
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OpenSSL选项
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Command Parameter
|
Description
|
|
--with-openssl=DIR
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Specifies path of the OpenSSL libraries, used when using specific version of OpenSSL libraries.
|
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--with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS
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Used to specify additional build options for OpenSSL.
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Libatomic选项
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Command Parameter
|
Description
|
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--with-libatomic
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Forces libatomic libraries.
|
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--with-libatomic=DIR
|
Specifies path of the libatomic libraries, used when using specific version of libatomic libraries .
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Other 选项
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Command Parameter
|
Description
|
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--without-http
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Disables HTTP server.
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--without-http-cache
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Disables HTTP cache.
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--with-threads
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Enables thread pool support.
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--with-file-aio
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Enables support for asynchronous disk IO operations.
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--with-ipv6
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Enables ipv6 support.
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--build=NAME
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Sets the build name.
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--builddir=DIR
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Sets the build location.
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--add-module=PATH
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Used to add third-party modules during compiling Nginx. You will specify the path of the module in this parameter.
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--with-debug
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Enables debug logging.
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3.安装前配置：
./configure 后面加上述你想要的参数，如果什么都加就是全部默认。
唯有热爱方能抵御岁月漫长。
