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Swimming biomechanics highly influence swimming success. Sun Yang 1500 swimming stroke analysis London 2012 hopes to provide a frame by frame analysis of the current top male distance swimmer. As you will see, some of the mechanics Yang uses are far superior to other swimmers, however he still has some deviations. Moreover, he demonstrates a few nuances uncommon, but potentially progressive for the stroke.
游泳生物学很大程度影响了游泳成绩。本文对孙杨动作进行一帧一帧的分析。你将会看到，在一些技术上孙杨远超过其他对手，但是他还存在一些不足。另外，他展示了一些不常见的技巧，对于游进有潜在的推动作用。
Frame 1:
Pushes off wall with streamline slightly separated from ears. Head is down facing floor of pool. Little to no flutter kick is occurring during this frame.
第一帧：蹬壁后保持从耳边稍微分开的流线型。头向下面朝池底。在这一帧中，脚几乎不打水。
Frame 2:
Initiates pull with right arm. Head position remains in same position as frame 1, and kick still appears to be minimal.
第二针：起始以右臂划水。头部位置保持和第一帧相同，并且仍然最小化踢水。
Frame 3:
Initiation of pull continues (note the absent of any white bubbles or turbulence with this hand). Both arms begins to abduct (come apart) from the head. Head remains fixed. Right hip flexion and knee flexion while the left hip appears to extend.
第三针：划水继续（请注意他的手边没有白色小泡泡或者涡流）。两手一起开始从头部向外伸展（两个方向）。头部仍然保持不动。当左臀开始伸展的时候，右臀和膝盖微弯。
Frame 4:
High elbow on right arm continues to be more pronounced with an increased in shoulder internal rotation. Right arm appears to begin flexing to help achieve an early vertical forearm. Left arm abducts slight more. Head begins to lift through an apparent cervical extension. Right leg kicks through to finish kick and left leg remains in slight extension.
第四帧：右臂高肘开始表现出来，并且增加了肩部的转动。右臂似乎开始弯曲以便形成早期的垂直前臂。左臂分开的更多。头部通过一个明显的进步伸展开始抬高。左腿保持轻微的伸展，右腿开始踢水直到做完整个的踢水动作。
Frame 5:
Right shoulder internally rotates more as the wrist returns to neutral, early vertical forearm is achieved. Left arms abducts even more. Head appears to extend more. Legs appear unchanged, while the right ankle appears to slightly dorsiflex to return to streamline.
第五帧：右肩向内转动同时手腕回到中立，完成早期垂直前臂。左臂继续分开。头部也更加伸展。当右脚踝似乎轻微的背曲回到流线型，右腿似乎无变化，
Frame 6:
Right shoulder extension begins for the catch, while the arm remains fixed in internal rotation. Left arms abducts even more and is now in full shoulder and elbow extension. Head extends and rotates right. Left hip extends more in preparation for a downkick.
第六帧：当手臂仍然保持向内转动，右肩开始为了抓水而伸展。左臂分开更多并且保持直臂肘部拉伸。头部伸展并转向右侧。左臀拉伸准备下踢。
Frame 7:
Right shoulder comes under the body with the shoulder fixed in internal rotation with the wrist in extension. The left arms appears unchanged. The head rotates and extends more. The body initiates right rotation. The left leg rises, from what appears knee flexion.
第七帧：右肩在身体下方，并且肩部保持内转，手腕伸展。左臂无变化，保持前伸。转动头部。身体开始右转。左腿从看似膝盖微弯开始抬高，
Frame 8:
Right shoulder continues catch as the arm adducts, now approximately 45 degree abduction. Left arms remains fixed. Head appears to only rotate more. The body continues to increase right rotation. Right leg appears to undergo slight hip extension. Left leg has large amount of knee flexion, to what appears bring the foot through the surface of the water.
右肩继续转水，手臂回收，现在分开大概45度。左臂依然前伸。头部转动。身体继续向右转。右腿进行轻微的臀部拉伸。左膝的弯曲角度很大，把脚带出水面。
Frame 9:
Right arm adducts more as the hand passes the hip. The left arms is still fixed (potentially elongating via spinal rotation). The head extends and rotates, noticeable turbulence is present on right shoulder in this frame due to this swimmer's breathing biomechanics. The body rotates more right. Right leg continues to extend through the hip, while the leg knee undergoes hip flexion and knee extension (downkick).
第九帧：右臂划水，手过了臀部。左臂继续前伸（通过脊柱转动形成拉伸）。头部伸展转动，在这一帧中由于泳手的换气，开始出现了明显的涡流。身体更加向右转动。当左膝进行臀部弯曲和膝盖伸展时（下踢），右腿继续通过臀部伸展。
Frame 10:
Right arm is out of view, but appears to have initiated recovery. The left arm remains still. The head is at it's most rotated and extended position, resulting in the largest amount of visible turbulence on the upper right side of the body. The body is in maximal right rotation (maximizing left arm elongation). The right continues to perform an upkick (knee flexion initiating), while the left is performing a strong downkick predominantly through knee extension.
第十帧：右臂看不见了，但是似乎开始回臂了。左臂继续前伸。头部处于最大旋转角度和伸展位置，导致大量的可见涡流在身体的右边。身体最大程度的右转（左臂最大程度的前伸）。当左腿明显通过膝盖的伸展用力下踢时，右腿继续上踢（膝盖开始弯曲）。
Frame 11:
Right arm likely continues recovery, while the left arm is still fixed. The head begins to rotate left and flex to return to the water. Note the large turbulence during this phase. The body lowers in the water as it rotates left. The right leg continues it's upkick through increased knee flexion. The left leg finishes it's downkick with pronounced knee extension (note the athlete's dorsiflexed ankle, far from the 'typical' swimmer's body).
第十一帧：当左臂继续前伸，右臂继续回臂动作。头开始向左转并回到水中。这时会有大量的水花。当向左转动时，身体会下降。右腿继续通过增加膝盖弯曲程度进行上踢。左腿完成它的下踢动作，左膝拉伸（注意运动员的背曲脚踝，远离于典型泳手的身体）
Frame 12:
Right arm likely continuing recovery, as the left arms remains fixed while the left wrist flexes to initiate the pull. Head continues to rotate left, to return to streamline. No apparent body rotation. Right leg likely is initiating downkick, through hip flexion and knee extension. Left leg begins upkick through hip extension.
第十二帧：左手腕开始弯曲抓水时，左臂继续前伸，右臂继续恢复。头继续向左转，回到流线型。没有明显的身体转动。右腿通过臀部弯曲和膝盖拉伸开始下踢。左腿通过臀部拉伸开始上踢。
Frame 13:
Right arm likely continuing recovery, left arm begins to press down (likely through glenohumeral (shoulder) internal rotation) as the wrist appears to flex slightly more. Head likely continues left cervical rotation, no cervical flexion appears present in this frame. The right leg continuing the downkick through knee extesion. The left knee continues to upkick with large knee flexion.
第十三帧：当左手腕似乎更加弯曲的时候，右臂继续恢复，左臂开始下压（貌似是通过肩部的内转动）。在这一帧中，头继续左转，没有明显的颈部弯曲。右腿继续通过膝盖伸展下踢。左膝继续通过大幅度的弯曲上踢。
Frame 14:
Right arm likely recovering, left arm continues internal rotation as the wrist returns to neutral. Head likely continuing left cervical rotation. Right leg is finishing the downkick with knee extension as the left leg finishes the upkick with knee flexion.
第十四帧：左手腕回到中立的时候，左臂继续内转，右臂继续恢复。头部继续左转。右腿完成下踢，左腿完成上踢。
Frame 15:
Right arm enters the water above head visible turbulence during this re-entry. Left arm undergoes more internal rotation to achieve early vertical forearm. Head continues to rotate left (currently near neutral position), cervical extension persists. Body rotates left and slightly drops. Right leg likely initiating upkick. Left leg is performing downkick with knee extension.
第十五帧：右臂头前入水，这个动作有明显的水花。左臂进行内转去完成早期垂直前臂。头部继续左转（当前接近中立位置），颈部保持拉伸。身体左转并且有些下沉。右腿开始上踢，左腿下踢。
Frame 16:
Right arm extends forward with minimal turbulence, left arm performs adduction to catch water. Head and body rotate left. Right leg undergoes knee flexion for upkick and left leg finishes downkick through knee extension.
第十六帧：右臂用最小的水花向前伸展，左臂开始内收转水。头和身体向左转。右腿为上踢膝盖微弯，左腿通过膝盖拉伸完成下踢。
Frame 17:
Right arm extends (likely from left body rotation). Left arm continues to catch water with a high elbow as arm during adduction. Head rotates left and extends. Body rotates left. Right leg begins downkick through knee extension while the left hip extends for the initiation of the upkick.
第十七帧：
右臂伸展（左半边身体转动）。左臂继续高肘抓水。头向左转并伸展。身体向左转。右腿开始通过膝盖拉伸下踢，左臀伸展为上踢做准备。
Frame 18:
Right arm continues to extend as the left arm undergoes shoulder extends to finish the catch. The head and body rotate left. The right knee kicks down through knee extension. The left knee begins knee flexion.
第十八帧：右臂继续伸展，左臂进行肩部拉伸去完成抓水。头和身体左转。右膝通过膝盖拉伸向下踢水，左膝开始弯曲膝盖。
Frame 19:
Right arms remains fixed. Left arm undergoes recovery. Head maintains cervical left rotation and extension (note large frontal turbulence at the head). Body begins rotation right. Left leg performs knee extension for downkick and right knee flexes to finish upkick.
第十九帧：右臂固定前伸。左臂开始恢复。头部保持左转并且伸展（头前有水花）。身体开始右转。左腿拉伸膝盖开始下踢并且右膝弯曲完成上踢。
Frame 20:
Right arms presses down (likely from body dropping due to recovery arm) and wrist slightly flexes. Left arm continues to recover. Head remains fixed as turbulence remains high. Body continues to rotate right. The right leg finishes downkick with ankle dorsiflexion while the left leg initiates down kick with slight hip flexion.
第二十帧：右臂下压（好像是由于回臂导致身体下沉）并且手腕微弯。左臂开始回收。头部继续保持高位有水花。身体继续右转。右腿通过脚踝背曲完成下踢，左臀微弯，左腿开始开始下踢。
Frame 21:
Right arm continues to press down, now likely due to recovery arm and initiation of shoulder internal rotation. Left arm continues recovery. Head begins rotation right with continued frontal turbulence. Body has slight rotation right. Right hip extends. Left knee extends.
第二十一帧：右臂继续下压，现在这一现象是更像是由于回臂和肩膀内转造成的。左臂继续回臂。头开始右转，头前仍然有水花。身体轻微右转。右臀拉伸，左膝伸展。
Frame 22:
Right continues to lower beginning catch while left arm still recovering. Head performs more rotation right. Body rotation appears constant. Right leg upkick continues and left leg downkick finishes.
第二十二帧：右臂继续下压开始转水。左臂继续回臂。头部右转。身体明显转动，右腿上踢，左腿下踢
Frame 23:
Right arm internally rotates for the catch phase, left arm re-enters water with minimal turbulence at left hand. Head rotates right and flexes. Body rotates right. Right hip flexes for downkick and left hip extends.
第二十三帧：右臂内转为抓水准备，左臂重新入水左手带有少量水花。头右转微弯。身体右转。右臀为下踢弯曲，左臀伸展。
Frame 24:
Right arm maintains internal rotation and begins to adduct. Right arm continues to re-enter water with turbulence visible at elbow and upper arm. Head rotates right and slightly extends. Body rotates right. Right knee extends and the left hip extends.
第二十四帧：右臂保持转动开始内收。右臂继续重新入水，肘部和上臂都有明显水花。头部右转并微微拉伸。身体右转。右膝和左臀伸展。
Frame 25:
Right arm continues to adduct and wrist appears to have slight extended, potentially finishing the catch phase too early. Left arm continues to extend forward, while the head rotates right and extends. Body continues to rotate right. Right leg begins upkick with hip extension as the left leg undergoes knee flexion.
第二十五帧：右臂继续回收，手腕似乎拉伸，过早的完成转水阶段。左臂继续前伸，头右转并且拉伸。身体右转。右腿上踢，右臀拉伸，左腿膝盖弯曲。
Frame 26:
Right arms returns to a straight forearm to finish the catch. Left arm continues to extend (via right body rotation). Head and body continue right rotation. The right leg continues to perform slight hip extension. The right hip flexes to initiate the downkick.
第二十六帧：右臂回直前臂完成抓水。左臂继续拉伸（通过身体右转）。头和身体继续右转。右腿继续进行轻微臀部拉伸。右臀弯曲准备下踢。
Frame 27:
The right arm finishes the catch through adduction and extension. The left arm continues to achieve relative extension via right body rotation. The head rotates right and extends. The body rotates right. The right leg performs knee flexion while the left knee undergoes knee extension.
第二十七帧：右臂通过回收和拉伸完成抓水。左臂通过身体右转完成相关拉伸。头部右转并且拉伸。身体右转。右腿膝盖弯曲，左膝进行膝盖拉伸。
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Notable features:
显著特点：
Streamlined body throughout the stroke. Minimal turbulence upon hand re-entry. turbulence around head and shoulder during poor breathing mechanics. One of the best EVF, especially on the left side. Streamlined body balance through matched contralateral down kick and hand re-entry. Streamlined head position when the athlete is not breathing.
整个游进过程都保持流线型。最小的手部入水水花。换气时，头和肩膀周围的水花也很小。最佳的EVF（Early Vertical Forearm），特别是左边。通过匹配身体对侧的下踢和入水保持流线型身体平衡。不呼吸的时候头部也保持了流线型。
He clearly uses a high elbow anchor position on his left arm. This allows him an elongated distance per stroke and endurance capability. His right arm uses a little lower elbow anchor position, potentially helping him utilizes his hips more. Unfortunately, this angle prevents the reviewer from seeing the distance the arm is from the bodyline.
他的左臂很明确使用了高肘。这让他在每一划都保持行进很长的距离，并且拥有了很强的耐力。他的右臂使用了低肘位置，这帮助他更多的使用了他的臀部。不行的是，这个角度妨碍了远处的观察者观察手臂和身体的位置关系。
Areas to improve:
· Breathing mechanics, remove cervical extension during breath
· Ankle dorsiflexion during upkick, as this likely increases turbulence in the water [not sure if this feature facilities the rest of the downkick]
可以提高的地方：
1. 呼吸时，减少颈部拉伸。
2. 上踢时，脚踝背曲，这样会可能会增加水中的水花。
Areas to copy:
· Streamline of body (except during breathing)
· Early vertical catch, especially on left
· Body balance between hand re-entry and downkick
可复制的地方：
1. 身体的流线型 （除了换气时）
2. 早期垂直抓水，特别是左手
3. 手入水和下踢时的身体平衡
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(analysis by swimming science)
