flask(18)数据库迁移

首先要在虚拟环境中安装Flask-Migrate。

pip install flask-migrate

database.py

#coding=utf-8
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommand
from flask_script import Shell,Manager

app = Flask(__name__)
manager = Manager(app)

app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql://root:mysql@127.0.0.1:3306/Flask_test'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

#第一个参数是Flask的实例，第二个参数是Sqlalchemy数据库实例
migrate = Migrate(app,db) 

#manager是Flask-Script的实例，这条语句在flask-Script中添加一个db命令
manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand)

#定义模型Role
class Role(db.Model):
    # 定义表名
    __tablename__ = 'roles'
    # 定义列对象
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True)
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Role:'.format(self.name)

#定义用户
class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True, index=True)
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'User:'.format(self.username)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()

创建迁移仓库

#这个命令会创建migrations文件夹，所有迁移文件都放在里面。
python database.py db init

创建迁移脚本

#创建自动迁移脚本
python database.py db migrate -m 'initial migration'

更新数据库

python database.py db upgrade

回退数据库

python database.py db downgrade 版本号