接口隔离原则

官方定义

接口隔离原则(Interface Segregation Principle),又称ISP原则
1、 客户端不应该依赖它不需要的接口
2、 类间的依赖关系应该建立在最小的接口上

基本介绍

通俗的来讲,不要在一个接口中定义多个方法,接口应该尽量细化

以下案例就是实现接口隔离

package jiekogeli;

public class SegregationDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new FruitShop().cutApple(new CookZhang());
        new FruitShop().cutTomato(new CookZhang());
        new VegetableShop().cutTomato(new CookLi());
        new VegetableShop().cutPotato(new CookLi());
    }
}

interface Knife {
    void cutApple();

    void cutTomato();

    void cutPotato();
}

class CookZhang implements Knife {
    @Override
    public void cutApple() {
        System.out.println("张师傅在切苹果");
    }

    @Override
    public void cutTomato() {
        System.out.println("张师傅在切土豆");
    }

    @Override
    public void cutPotato() {
        System.out.println("张师傅在切番茄");
    }
}


class CookLi implements Knife {
    @Override
    public void cutApple() {
        System.out.println("李师傅在切苹果");
    }

    @Override
    public void cutTomato() {
        System.out.println("李师傅在切土豆");
    }

    @Override
    public void cutPotato() {
        System.out.println("李师傅在切番茄");
    }
}

class FruitShop {
    public void cutApple(Knife knife) {
        knife.cutApple();
    }

    public void cutTomato(Knife knife) {
        knife.cutTomato();
    }
}

class VegetableShop {
    public void cutPotato(Knife knife) {
        knife.cutPotato();
    }

    public void cutTomato(Knife knife) {
        knife.cutTomato();
    }
}

image

修改后

package jiekogeli;

public class SegregationDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new FruitShop().cutApple(new CookZhang());
        new FruitShop().cutTomato(new CookZhang());
        new VegetableShop().cutTomato(new CookLi());
        new VegetableShop().cutPotato(new CookLi());
    }
}

interface AppleKnife {
    void cutApple();
}

interface TomatoKnife {
    void cutTomato();
}

interface PotatoKnife {
    void cutPotato();
}

class CookZhang implements AppleKnife, TomatoKnife {
    @Override
    public void cutApple() {
        System.out.println("张师傅在切苹果");
    }

    @Override
    public void cutTomato() {
        System.out.println("张师傅在切番茄");
    }

}


class CookLi implements TomatoKnife, PotatoKnife {

    @Override
    public void cutTomato() {
        System.out.println("李师傅在切土豆");
    }

    @Override
    public void cutPotato() {
        System.out.println("李师傅在切番茄");
    }
}

class FruitShop {
    public void cutApple(AppleKnife knife) {
        knife.cutApple();
    }

    public void cutTomato(TomatoKnife knife) {
        knife.cutTomato();
    }
}

class VegetableShop {
    public void cutPotato(PotatoKnife knife) {
        knife.cutPotato();
    }

    public void cutTomato(TomatoKnife knife) {
        knife.cutTomato();
    }
}

image

案例总结:
接口隔离原则就是当我一个类通过接口依赖(使用)另一个类的时候,要保证依赖的该接口是最小的,接口里面有方法是用不到的,就进行隔离,而隔离的做法就是,对原来的接口进行拆分,拆分为最小粒度,来避免耦合。

与单一职责原则对比

单一职责原则:合理的职责分解,一个类只负责一项职责
接口隔离原则:类间的依赖关系应该建立在最小的接口上

相同点

  • 都要求对结构进行拆分,都要求最小的粒度,都希望减少耦合

不同点

  • 单一职责原则:类与接口职责单一,注重的是职责
  • 接口隔离原则:要求我们尽量使用多个专门的接口,注重的是接口的设计。

当然了,我们使用接口隔离原则进行拆分的时候,要遵循单一职责原则

posted @ 2021-04-16 17:03  我等着你  阅读(333)  评论(0)    收藏  举报