GUI编程

GUI编程

告诉大家该怎么学？

• 这是什么？
• 它怎么玩？
• 该如何去在平时运用？

组件

• 窗口
• 弹窗
• 面板
• 文本框、列表框
• 按钮
• 图片
• 监听事件
• 鼠标、键盘事件
• 破解工具

简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing 、 AWT
1.因为界面不美观
2.需要jre环境！
为什么我们要学习呢？
1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
2.工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面，概率很小
3.了解MVC架构，了解监听！

AWT

AWT介绍

• 包含了很多的类和接口！GUI：图形用户界面编程！
• 各种各样的元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
• java.awt包
  

组件和容器

• 窗口 Frame

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame,JDK,看源码
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");

//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);

//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);

//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(85,32,162));

//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);

//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);

问题：发现窗口关闭不掉，停止java程序！
尝试回顾封装：

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口 new
        MYFrame myFrame1 = new MYFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
        MYFrame myFrame2 = new MYFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MYFrame myFrame3 = new MYFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
        MYFrame myFrame4 = new MYFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.pink);
    }
}

class MYFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口，我们需要一个计数器

    public MYFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("MyFrame+"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

• 面板 Panel
  解决了关闭事件

//Panel 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));

        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式：
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

• 布局管理器
  • 流式布局（FlowLayout）

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        frame.setSize(200,200);

        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

• 东南西北中（BorderLayout）

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();


        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");


        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

• 表格布局（GridLayout）

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数
        frame.setVisible(true);
        
        
    }
}

• 小练习

//练习的demo
public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //总 Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame("Test1");
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));

        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //上面
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        
        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
    }
}

事件监听

• 事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为，addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    //关闭窗体的事件    
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
            frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.exit(0);
                }
            });
        }

    }
//事件监听    
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

• 两个按钮，实现一个监听

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //开始  停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值！
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand()获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

输入框TextField监听

public class TextText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //好习惯：主启动类中只写启动！！！
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
        
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());
        field.setText("");//null  ""
    }
}

简易计算器，组合+内部类回顾复习！

• oop原则：组合，大于继承！
  目前代码：

//简易计算器
public class TextCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);


        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());


        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
        this.num1 =num1;
        this.num2 =num2;
        this.num3 =num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        //2.将这个值+法运算后放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //3.清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象写法：

//简易计算器
public class TextCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame() {
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }


    //监听器类
    class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {

        //获取计算机这个对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类；
        Calculator calculator = null;

        public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
            this.calculator = calculator;
        }

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数和被加数
            //2.将这个值+法运算后放到第三个框
            //3.清除前两个框
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
            calculator.num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
            calculator.num1.setText("");
            calculator.num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

内部类：

• 更好的包装

public class TextCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame() {
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法！
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {

        //获取计算机这个对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类；
        Calculator calculator = null;

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数和被加数
            //2.将这个值+法运算后放到第三个框
            //3.清除前两个框
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

画笔

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){

        setBounds(200,200,600,400);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
        //g.setColor(Color.RED);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆

        //g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
        
        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

鼠标监听

//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);

        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());


        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标 按下，弹起，按住不放

        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame)e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点！
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

窗口监听

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
    }

    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口，通过按钮，隐藏当前窗口
            System.exit(0);//正常退出

        }
    }
}

键盘监听

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的键是哪一个,当前的码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性 VK_XXX
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
                //根据按下不同操作，产生不同结果；
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

窗口、面板

public class JFrameDemo {
    //init();初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        jf.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
        //设置文字 JLabel
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎");

        jf.add(label);
        //让文本标签居中  设置水平对齐
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //容器实例化
        Container contentPane = jf.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

弹窗

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {

    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);


        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });

        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}


//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);

        container.add(new Label("秦老师带你学Java"));
    }
}

标签

• label
  new JLabel("XXX");
• Icon

//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {

    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo() {
    }//无参构造

    public IconDemo(int width, int height) {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public void init() {
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上！
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

• ImageIcon

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {

    public ImageIconDemo() {
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("微信图片_20220928190833.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名不要冲突了
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

面板

• JPanel

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数的意思，间距

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));

        container.add(panel1);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

• JScrollPanel

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {

    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

按钮

• 图片按钮

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("微信图片_20220928190833.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

• 单选按钮

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("微信图片_20220928190833.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);


        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("按钮1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("按钮2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("按钮3");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组，一个组中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton1);
        group.add(radioButton2);
        group.add(radioButton3);

        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

• 复选按钮

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("微信图片_20220928190833.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkBox1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkBox2");

        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.NORTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

列表

• 下拉框

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

• 列表框

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo02(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表内容
        String[] contents = {"1","2","3","4"};
        //列表中需要放入内容
        JList jlist = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jlist);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

• 应用场景
  • 选择地区，或者一些单个选项
  • 列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容！

文本框

• 文本框

public class TextTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TextTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);

        container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextTextDemo01();
    }
}

• 密码框

public class TextTextDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TextTextDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //面板

        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//******
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextTextDemo02();
    }
}

• 文本域

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {

    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

贪吃蛇

• 帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧 60帧。连起来是动画，拆开就是静态的图片！
• 键盘监听
• 定时器 Timer

成果及代码展示：

//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();

        frame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
        frame.setResizable(false);//窗口大小不可变
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //正常游戏界面都应该在面板上！
        frame.add(new GamePanel());
    }
}

//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {

    //定义蛇的数据结构
    int length;//蛇的长度
    int[] snakeX = new int[600];//蛇的x坐标 25*25
    int[] snakeY = new int[500];//蛇的y坐标 25*25
    String fx;

    //食物的坐标
    int foodx;
    int foody;
    Random random = new Random();

    int score;//成绩

    //游戏当前的状态：开始、停止
    boolean isStart = false;//默认是不开始!

    boolean isFail = false;//默认是不失败！

    //定时器  以毫秒为单位
    Timer timer = new Timer(100,this);//100毫秒执行一次!

    //构造器
    public GamePanel() {
        init();
        //获得焦点和键盘事件
        this.setFocusable(true);//获得焦点事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);//获得键盘监听事件
        timer.start();//游戏一开始定时器就启动
    }

    //初始化方法
    public void init(){
        length = 3;
        snakeX[0] =100;snakeY[0] =100;//脑袋的坐标
        snakeX[1] =75;snakeY[1] =100;//第一个身体的坐标
        snakeX[2] =50;snakeY[2] =100;//第二个身体的坐标
        fx = "R";//初始方向向右

        //把食物随机分布在界面上！
        foodx = 25+25*random.nextInt(34);
        foody = 75+25*random.nextInt(24);

        score = 0;
    }

    //绘制面板,我们游戏中的所有东西，都使用这个画笔来画
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);//清屏
        //绘制静态的面板
        this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,25,11);//头部广告栏画上去
        g.fillRect(25,75,850,600);//默认的游戏界面

        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,18));
        g.drawString("长度"+length,750,35);
        g.drawString("分数"+score,750,55);

        //画食物
        Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);

        //把小蛇画上去
        if (fx.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要方向来判断
        }else if (fx.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要方向来判断
        }else if (fx.equals("U")){
            Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要方向来判断
        }else if (fx.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要方向来判断
        }

        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);//第一个身体坐标
        }

        //游戏状态
        if (isStart==false){
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));//设置字体
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏",300,300);
        }

        if (isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));//设置字体
            g.drawString("失败，按下空格重新开始",300,300);
        }

    }
    //键盘监听事件
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得键盘按键是哪一个



        if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){//如果按下的是空格键
            if (isFail){
                //重新开始
                isFail = false;
                init();
            }else {
                isStart =! isStart;//取反
            }
            repaint();
        }
        //小蛇移动
        if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
            fx = "U";
        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            fx = "D";
        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            fx = "L";
        }else if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            fx = "R";
        }
    }

    //事件监听---需要通过固定事件来刷新，1s = 10次
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        if (isStart && isFail == false){//如果游戏是开始状态，就让小蛇动起来

            //吃食物
            if (snakeX[0] == foodx && snakeY[0] == foody){
                //长度+1
                length++;
                //分数加10
                score = score + 10;
                //再次随机食物
                foodx = 25+25*random.nextInt(34);
                foody = 75+25*random.nextInt(24);
            }

            //移动
            for (int i = length-1; i > 0 ; i--) {//后一节移到前一节的位置 snakeX[1] = snakeX[0];
                snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];
                snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
            }
            //走向
            if (fx.equals("R")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]+25;
                if (snakeX[0]>850){snakeX[0] = 25;}//边界判断
            }else if (fx.equals("L")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]-25;
                if (snakeX[0]<25){snakeX[0] = 850;}
            }else if (fx.equals("U")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]-25;
                if (snakeY[0]<75){snakeY[0] = 650;}
            }else if (fx.equals("D")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]+25;
                if (snakeY[0]>650){snakeY[0] = 75;}
            }

            //失败判断,撞到自己就算失败
            for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                if (snakeX[0]==snakeX[i] && snakeY[0]==snakeY[i]){
                    isFail = true;
                }
            }

            repaint();//重画页面
        }
        timer.start();//定时器开始
    }

    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent keyEvent) {

    }
    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent keyEvent) {

    }

}

//数据中心
public class Data {


    //相对路径  tx.jpg
    //绝对路径 / 相当于当前的项目
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);

    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");
    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);

    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);

    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);

}