日本的低调转型
忘记在哪里看见的这个了 ，于是记录下来 ，希望有更多人看见，如果有版权侵犯， 请私信联系。
都在说“日本失去的二十年”、“日本制造业衰落”，其实日本早已完成制造业的布局，牢牢占据产业链高端，在看似以退为进的过程中已经实现了小而美的华丽转型。
They are all talking about "Japan's lost 20 years" and "the decline of Japan's manufacturing industry." in fact, Japan has already completed the layout of the manufacturing industry, firmly occupying the high end of the industrial chain, and has achieved a small and beautiful transformation in the process of seeming to retreat into progress.
日本制造业转型之路 The Road to the Transformation of Japan's Manufacturing Industry
第一：内部因素
First: internal factors
虽然部分日本制造业企业离开了终端消费市场，但它们并非被迫退出，而是选择主动抽身，并转型至需要更高技术门槛且竞争并不激烈的商用市场，它们仍是市场的有力竞争者。比如日立的电梯、夏普的显示屏、索尼的摄像头等。
Although some Japanese manufacturers have left the end-consumer market, instead of being forced to withdraw, they have chosen to pull out and shift to a less competitive commercial market that requires higher technology thresholds, and they are still strong competitors. For example, Hitachi elevator, Sharp display screen, Sony camera and so on.
其实，日本国内的电子制造业集团早就开始做产业结构调整。作为制造业产业链结构调整的整合者，日本产业革新机构扮演着至关重要的角色。其是由日本三井、三菱等众多财阀巨头协同政府当局成立。例如该机构会同瑞萨电子株式会社、富士通株式会社、松下电器产业株式会社合作成立全新的半导体设计领域子公司，集合3家在影像处理、通信技术等方面的优势，致力于提升应用于智能手机、汽车制动的大规模集成回路系统（LSI）方向的研发能力。
In fact, Japan's domestic electronics manufacturing groups began to adjust their industrial structure a long time ago. As the integrator of the structural adjustment of the manufacturing industrial chain, Japanese industrial innovation institutions play a vital role. It is set up by Japan's Mitsui, Mitsubishi and many other chaebol giants in cooperation with the government authorities. For example, this organization cooperates with Renesa Electronics Co., Ltd., Fujitsu Co., Ltd. and Panasonic Industrial Co., Ltd. to establish a brand-new semiconductor design subsidiary, which combines the advantages of three companies in image processing and communication technology, and is committed to improving the R & D capability of (LSI), a large-scale integrated loop system used in smartphones and automobile brakes.
在加强资源整合和协同合作的同时，它们是在低调等待另一个带动电子产业扩张的领域，一个方向就是以智能城市、智能电网为首的物联网产业。为了获得先发优势，早在2012年10月，东芝和日立制作所向国际电工委员会（IEC）提议设立关于电能储存系统的新标准化技术委员会（TC），并获得了批准。这是智能电网领域首个以日本为主体设置的标准化技术委员会，日本还被选为负责委员会运营的国际干事。
While strengthening resource integration and cooperation, they are quietly waiting for another area to drive the expansion of the electronics industry. one direction is the Internet of things industry led by smart cities and smart grids. In order to gain a first-mover advantage, Toshiba and Hitachi proposed to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) the establishment of a new standardization technical committee (TC),on power storage systems and obtained approval as early as October 2012. This is the first standardized technical committee in the smart grid field with Japan as the main body, and Japan has also been selected as the international officer responsible for the operation of the committee.
因此，仅仅依靠中日两国GDP此消彼长的比较和部分日本知名企业巨亏或被中国背景公司收购的新闻，就大肆舆论宣扬这种误读只会加深老百姓的误解。反观自己，引以自豪的不少“中国制造”其实就是在做组装，许多关键技术仍在外资手里，不过是五十步笑百步罢了。
Therefore, relying solely on the comparison of the growth and decline of GDP between China and Japan and the news that some well-known Japanese companies have suffered huge losses or have been acquired by Chinese background companies, publicizing this kind of misreading will only deepen the misunderstanding of the common people. On the other hand, many of the "made in China" that we are proud of are actually doing assembly, and many key technologies are still in the hands of foreign investors.
第二：外部因素
Second: external factors
全球化大市场环境中，新兴市场的快速崛起、技术转移等问题，在近几年确实带给了日本制造业不小的冲击。但这些冲击还不足以让日本制造业衰落，恰恰更加坚定了其坚持走高品质产品线的雄心。毕竟中国等国的廉价生产力和低成本原料对日本制造业的冲击，只能停留在快消品等市场；在技术导向和高档耐用品市场，日本制造的地位仍是难以撼动的。想想出国抢购或是海外淘马桶盖、电饭煲的热潮吧。
In the global market environment, the rapid rise of emerging markets and technology transfer have indeed had a great impact on the Japanese manufacturing industry in recent years. But these shocks are not enough to cause the decline of Japanese manufacturing, only to strengthen its ambition to adhere to the high-quality product line. After all, the impact of cheap productivity and low-cost raw materials in China and other countries on Japanese manufacturing can only stay in markets such as fast consumer goods; in the technology-oriented and high-end durable goods market, the position of Japanese manufacturing is still unshakeable. Think about the rush to buy abroad or the craze for toilet seats and rice cookers overseas.
如果你觉得我看到的是单点的案例，不妨让我来罗列下大家熟知的日本制造业巨头的近况。
If you think I'm seeing a single-point case, let me make a list of the well-known Japanese manufacturing giants.
第一：东芝关“机”
First: Toshiba turns off the "machine"
2013年底，东芝在与惠州TCL电器销售公司成立合资公司后就关停了其在大连的工厂，中国市场的电视机已经全部转由TCL代工生产。东芝表示，未来集团将把业务重点放在两个方向：一是可循环、清洁、便携、高效能的环保型能源产品；二是应对不断海量增长的、记录人类历史和自然界的存储产品——硬盘。
At the end of 2013, Toshiba closed its factory in Dalian after forming a joint venture with Huizhou TCL Electrical Appliances sales Co., Ltd., and all the televisions in the Chinese market have been manufactured by TCL. Toshiba said that in the future, the group will focus its business on two directions: one is recyclable, clean, portable and highly efficient environment-friendly energy products; the other is to deal with the growing mass of storage products that record human history and nature-hard drives.
第二：松下变“绿”
Second: Panasonic turns "green"
2012年，松下将旗下的三洋白色家电业务以8．3亿元人民币的价格抛售给了国内家电巨头海尔，并宣称不再对等离子和液晶显示器业务进行投资。日本松下表示，松下高层早就做出主动转型计划，从偏重现有事业向新能源和环保领域转型。
In 2012, Panasonic sold its Sanyo white goods business to domestic appliance giant Haier for 830 million yuan and announced that it would no longer invest in plasma and liquid crystal displays. Panasonic said that Panasonic executives have long made a proactive transformation plan to shift from focusing on existing businesses to new energy and environmental protection.
第三：索尼成“医”
Third: Sonny becomes a "doctor".
今年4月在大连成立索尼信息系统中国区总部的日本索尼株式会社早在2011年就收购了美国伊利诺伊的生命科学公司，开始涉足流式细胞术业务，在2012年与奥林巴斯密切合作后，于今年5月以“前沿科技，致力医疗”的全新主题，携带新产品和解决方案出席了上海召开的中国国际医疗器械博览会。通过手术影像移动站、手术3D解决方案、内窥镜手术解决方案等全面展示了索尼在医疗领域的最新科技成果和强大实力。
Sony Corporation of Japan, which established the China headquarters of Sony Information Systems in Dalian in April this year, acquired the life science company of Illinois in the United States as early as 2011 and began to get involved in the flow cytometry business. after close cooperation with Olympus in 2012, in May this year, with the brand-new theme of "cutting-edge technology, committed to medical treatment", Sony Co., Ltd. attended the China International Medical device Expo in Shanghai with new products and solutions. Through the surgical image mobile station, surgical 3D solutions, endoscopic surgery solutions and other comprehensive display of Sony's latest scientific and technological achievements and strong strength in the medical field.
给中国制造的启示 Enlightenment to made in China
第一：结合互联网＋、工业4.0等趋势、主动求变
First: take the initiative to seek change by combining the trends of Internet +, Industry 4.0, etc.
都说“转型是作死，不转型是等死”，我们要明白不是为了转型而转型，而是为了要提升企业的全球竞争力而去转型，重点是要形成优势的商业模式和经营方法。日本家电制造企业转型是在转移制造、降低成本的同时将资源集中在新兴产业上。因此，中国制造业转型也应主动地去进行产业结构调整，主导产业从高能耗、高投入、低效益的传统制造业逐渐转向高技术、深加工的新型制造业以及电子信息业等新兴产业，提升产品竞争力。
It is said that "transformation is death, not transformation is waiting for death". We have to understand that transformation is not for the sake of transformation, but to enhance the global competitiveness of enterprises. the key point is to form an advantageous business model and method of operation. The transformation of Japanese home appliance manufacturing enterprises is to transfer manufacturing and reduce costs while concentrating resources on emerging industries. Therefore, the transformation of China's manufacturing industry should also take the initiative to adjust the industrial structure, and the leading industry should gradually shift from the traditional manufacturing industry with high energy consumption, high investment and low efficiency to emerging industries such as high-tech, deep-processing new manufacturing industry and electronic information industry. enhance the competitiveness of products.
第二：专注品质，工匠精神和持续创新
Second: focus on quality, craftsmanship and continuous innovation
日本人的工匠精神和钻牛角尖毅力可以说是众所周知，这也是日本制造业强大的一个重要原因。对于中国制造业，重视技术工人，与技术工人构筑共同愿景，践行工匠精神，不仅可以帮助建设更加严谨、重视技能、更加专注的企业文化，生产出更优质的产品，还能使技术工人在高度工业化和商业化的社会中找到自我认同感，提升自主钻研创新的积极性，推动制造业工艺流程的优化、产品质量的提高。
The craftsman spirit and perseverance of the Japanese can be said to be well known, which is also an important reason for the strength of the Japanese manufacturing industry. For China's manufacturing industry, attaching importance to skilled workers, building a common vision with skilled workers and practicing the spirit of craftsmen can not only help build a more rigorous, skilled and focused corporate culture and produce higher quality products. it can also enable skilled workers to find a sense of self-identity in a highly industrialized and commercialized society and enhance their enthusiasm for independent research and innovation. Promote the optimization of manufacturing process and the improvement of product quality.
第三：提升用户体验，提高服务能力
Third: enhance the user experience and improve the service ability
制造业转型的关键其实是从“制造业”向“服务业”思维的转变，原先制造业重点是售前的买卖服务，如今的重点是售后的增值服务，以前制造业的关键是研发生产能力，今后的关键则是运营和用户能力。对于转型中的制造企业就必须明白用户体验是产品成败的关键因素，中国制造业的核心追求就是做一款用户感知到的温暖用心的产品。
In fact, the key to the transformation of the manufacturing industry is the change from "manufacturing" to "service industry" thinking. in the past, the manufacturing industry focused on pre-sale and trading services, but now it focuses on after-sale value-added services. in the past, the key of the manufacturing industry was R & D and production capacity. in the future, the key is operation and user capacity. For the manufacturing enterprises in transition, they must understand that user experience is the key factor in the success or failure of products, and the core pursuit of China's manufacturing industry is to make a warm-hearted product perceived by users.
第四：聚焦、专注、小而美
Fourth: focus, focus, small and beautiful
日本中小企业的成功，首先缘于高度的专注。很多企业都起步于非常不起眼的领域，难能可贵的是，几十年如一日，不断钻研，精益求精，直至取得突破。通常优秀的小企业为了与大企业形成差异化，会专注于高附加值、非标准、定制化的产品。日本经济产业省指定了17项特定制造业基础技术，包括模具技术、锻造技术、动力传导技术等等，都是影响制造业竞争力的关键技术——它们全部掌握在中小企业手上。
The success of small and medium-sized enterprises in Japan is first of all due to a high degree of focus. Many enterprises have started in a very inconspicuous field, it is commendable that for decades, continue to study, Excelsior, until a breakthrough. Usually, in order to form differentiation with large enterprises, excellent small enterprises will focus on high value-added, non-standard, customized products. Japan's Ministry of economy, Trade and Industry has designated 17 specific basic manufacturing technologies, including mold technology, forging technology, power transmission technology, and so on, which are key technologies that affect the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry-all of which are in the hands of small and medium-sized enterprises.
在这种中小企业的内部组织一般都简单、扁平化，没有KPI。企业家更看重和谐的人际关系，而不是复杂的管理制度。恰恰是在这样的环境中，人的潜力得到了极大的发挥。可以看到，产业升级完全可能是一个社会分工不断深化，小而专、小而精、小而强的企业不断涌现的过程，对于中国的制造业转型，应当鼓励“大众创业、万众创新”，成功的中小企业都善于通过与客户尤其是不同行业客户的沟通，在日益多样化的需求中找到属于自己的市场缝隙；另一方面，传统制造业也需要学习互联网团队管理和项目管理，在互联网＋大潮中给自己的产品和组织来一个彻底的转型。
In this kind of small and medium-sized enterprises, the internal organization is generally simple, flat, there is no KPI. Entrepreneurs value harmonious interpersonal relationships rather than complex management systems. It is precisely in such an environment that human potential is brought into full play. It can be seen that industrial upgrading may be a process of deepening social division of labor and the continuous emergence of small and specialized, small and sophisticated, small and strong enterprises. for the transformation of China's manufacturing industry, "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" should be encouraged. Successful small and medium-sized enterprises are good at finding their own market gaps in the increasingly diversified needs through communication with customers, especially customers in different industries. On the other hand, the traditional manufacturing industry also needs to learn Internet team management and project management to give its own products and organizations a complete transformation in the spring tide of Internet +.
