ApiView 的使用
1.APIview使用、
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaonq/p/10124104.html
ModelVIewSet 是对 APIView 封装
ModelSerializer 是对 Serializer
1.1 在 user/urls.py 中添加路由
urlpatterns = [ path('apiview/', views.UserInfoViewSet.as_view()), ]
1.2 创建user/serializers.py写序列化器
serializers.ModelSerializer 和 serializers.Serializer field参数说明
#创建user/serializers.py写序列化器 # class User(AbstractUser): # phone = models.CharField('手机号',max_length=20) # img = models.ImageField(upload_to='user',null=True) # nick_name = models.CharField('昵称',max_length=20) # address = models.CharField('地址',max_length=255) class UserInfoSerializer(serializers.Serializer): id = serializers.CharField(read_only=True) # 普通字段,设置id为只读字段,不能修改 username = serializers.CharField(min_length=3,max_length=20,error_messages= {'required': '该字段必填'}) # 显示普通字段 img = serializers.ImageField(required=False) nick_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20) address = serializers.CharField(max_length=255) xxx = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True) # 自定义显示(显示多对 多) class Meta: model = User # 自定义显示 多对多 字段 def get_xxx(self,row): '''row: 传过来的正是 User表的对象''' users = row.username # 获取用户名 return users # 定义创建语法:ser.save()执行,就会立刻调用create方法用来创建数据 def create(self, validated_data): '''validated_data: 表单或者vue请求携带的json: {"username":"zhangsan","password":"123456"}''' # https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaonq/p/7978409.html return User.objects.create(**validated_data) # 定义更新方法 def update(self, instance, validated_data): ''' instance : 查询的对象 validated_data : postman提交的json数据 {"username":"zhangsan","password":"123456"} ''' if validated_data.get('username'): instance.username = validated_data['username'] instance.save() return instance # 定义单一字段验证的方法 def validate_name(self, value): if value == 'root': raise serializers.ValidationError('不能创建root管理员账号') return value # 定义多字段验证方法 def validate(self, attrs): print(attrs) if attrs.get("username") == 'admin': raise serializers.ValidationError('不能创建admin用户') return attrs 1.3 在 user/views.py 中添加视图函数 from user.serializers import UserInfoSerializer class UserInfoViewSet(APIView): # 查询用户信息 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 一对多、多对多查询都是一样的语法 obj = User.objects.all() ser = UserInfoSerializer(instance=obj,many=True) # 关联数据多个 # ser = UserInfoSerializer(instance=obj[0]) # 关联数据一个 return Response(ser.data, status=200) # 创建用户 '''创建用户''' def post(self,request): ser = UserInfoSerializer(data=request.data) # 判断提交数据是否合法 if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(data=ser.data, status=201) return Response(data=ser.errors,status=400) def put(self, request): pk = request.query_params.get('pk') try: userinfo = User.objects.get(id = pk) except Exception as e: return Response(data='用户不存在', status=201) # 创建序列化对象,并将要反序列化的数据传递给data构造参数,进而进行验证 ser = UserInfoSerializer(userinfo,data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(data=ser.data, status=201) return Response(data=ser.errors,status=400)
写法:
from snippets.models import Snippet from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer from django.http import Http404 from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework import status class SnippetList(APIView): """ List all snippets, or create a new snippet. """ def get(self, request, format=None): snippets = Snippet.objects.all() serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True) return Response(serializer.data) def post(self, request, format=None): serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) '''根据ok值 进行查询编号,删除,修改''' class SnippetDetail(APIView): """ Retrieve, update or delete a snippet instance. """ '''定义pk值.被调用''' def get_object(self, pk): try: return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk) except Snippet.DoesNotExist: raise Http404 def get(self, request, pk, format=None): snippet = self.get_object(pk) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet) return Response(serializer.data) def put(self, request, pk, format=None): snippet = self.get_object(pk) serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data) if serializer.is_valid(): serializer.save() return Response(serializer.data) return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) def delete(self, request, pk, format=None): snippet = self.get_object(pk) snippet.delete() return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
第二种方法路由写法
from django.urls import path from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns from snippets import views urlpatterns = [ path('snippets/', views.SnippetList.as_view()), path('snippets/<int:pk>/', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()), ] urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
做最野的狼