| ACCTCOM |
:: |
| See the commands of all users |
acctcom | tail -20 |
| See the commands of a particual user |
acctcom -u <username> | tail -20 |
| Show entries for a specific commandpattern |
acctcom -n <pattern> | tail -20 |
| Show all entries for commands staring with "l" |
acctcom -n '^l' | tail -30 |
| Swho the output in reverse order |
acctom -b | more |
| AGREP |
:: |
| Find words with possible misspellings (here 2) |
agrep -2 'macropperswan' <file> |
| AT |
:: |
| Execute a command once in the future |
at now + 5 days < scriptfile |
| AWK |
:: |
| Take first column of a file |
awk '{print $1}' <file> |
| Take first two colums inverted |
awk '{print $2,"\t",$1}' <file> |
| Print sum of first two colums |
awk '{print $1 + $2}' <file> |
| Find lines with "money" and print last column |
awk '/money/ {print $NF}' <file> |
| Find lines with "money" in second column |
awk '$2 ~ /money/ {print $0}' <file> |
| Find lines without "A" at end of 3-rd column |
awk '$3 !~ /A$/ {print $0}' <file> |
| BASH |
:: |
| Bourne again shell. Best interaktive shell right after zsh |
| BC |
:: |
| Calculate sin(5) |
echo 's(5)' | bc -l |
| BG |
:: |
| Put last stopped job into the background |
bg |
| BREAK |
:: |
| Leave the inermost loop (while/until/for) |
break |
| CANCEL |
:: |
| Stop a print job allready started |
cancel <jobid> ( as found with lpstat -o) |
| CASE in ESAC |
:: |
| Selective structure in sh/bash/ksh |
|
| CC |
:: |
| Compile a file.c |
cc -o <outfile> <infile> |
| CHGRP |
:: |
| Change group of a file |
chgrp <newgroupname> <file> |
| CHOWN |
:: |
| Change owner of a file |
chown <newowner> <file> |
| CMP |
:: |
| Act on the difference of two files |
cmp <file1> <file2> || <command> |
| COL |
:: |
| Printing the man pages without thousand "^H" |
man <command> | col -b | <printcommand> |
| CRONTAB |
:: |
| See your crontab file |
crontab -l |
| Edit your crontab file |
crontab -e |
| Every monday on 05:10 do /home/fred/foo.ksh |
10 5 * * 1 /home/fred/foo.ksh |
| CRYPT |
:: |
| Encrypt a file with a password |
crypt password < infile > cryptfile |
| Decrypt the above file |
crypt password < cryptfile > cleanfile |
| CSH |
:: |
| Oldest Berkley shell |
|
| CUT |
:: |
| Get the hostname field from the last output |
last | cut -c11-40 |
| DATE |
:: |
| Set the date (root only) |
date <mmddhhmm> |
| Special format of date (e.g. month only) |
date +%m |
| DF |
:: |
| See the used space of the disks in kB |
df -k |
| DIRCMP |
:: |
| Compare two directories |
dircmp <dir1> <dir2> |
| DTKSH |
:: |
| dtksh is a ksh93 with X11 graphics |
dtksh |
| DU |
:: |
| du = diskusage |
du -ks |
| ED |
:: |
| Commandline editor. Only used if all else fails |
ed <file> |
| EGREP |
:: |
| Grep with "or" |
egrep '(A|B)' <file> |
| Exclude a and B |
egrep -v '(A|B)' <file> |
| EX |
:: |
| Edit a file from within a shell script |
ex -s file <<EOF
g/money/s//cash/
EOF |
| Edit a file with a script |
ex -s file < scriptfile |
| EXPR |
:: |
| Calculate modulus |
expr 10 % 7 |
| Check for string in variable |
expr $var : 'string' |
| Show first group of digits in string |
expr $var : '[^0-9]*\([a-z]*\)' |
| FG |
:: |
| Put the last stopped job into the foreground |
fg |
| FGREP |
:: |
| Find a string which is not a pattern |
fgrep '*,/.()' <file> |
| FILE |
:: |
| See the file type (e.g. ascii) |
file <file> |
| FIND |
:: |
| Find a file in the whole computer |
find / -type f -name <file> -print |
| Find a file pattern |
find . -type f -name "*<foo>*" -print |
| Delete all cores in the system |
find / -type f -name core -exec /bin/rm -f {} \; |
| Find all files with a word in them |
find . -type f -exec grep -l <word> {} \; |
| Find files modified longer than a month ago |
find . -type f -ctime +30 -print |
| Use found files more then once with xargs |
find . -name "*.c" -print | xargs -i cp {} {}.bak |
| Don't search in nfs mounted filesystems |
find . -local ... |
| Follow the links while searching |
find . -follow ... |
| Look for files larger than 1 megabyte |
find /path -size 1000000c -print |
| Run find but discard the "permission denied"'s |
find ... 2>/dev/null ( in sh/bash/ksh only) |
| Find all manualpage directories |
find / -type d -print | egrep '.*/(catman|man)$' |
| Find all directories with write permissions |
find / -type d -perm -002 -print |
| GAWK |
:: |
| The gnu version of nawk |
|
| GREP |
:: |
| Find patterns in lines of files or stdin |
grep '[a-z][0-9]' <file> |
| Find lines without pattern |
grep -v '^From' <file> |
| Find files which contain a pattern |
grep -l '^[cC]' *.f |
| Count lines with pattern |
grep -c '[Ss]uccess' <file> |
| Search while ignoreing case |
grep -i 'lAbEgF' <file> |
| Print a line number in front of the line |
grep -n 'mo.*y' <file> |
| HINV |
:: |
| Get infos about your host on silicon graphics |
hinv -v |
| IF then else ENDIF |
:: |
| Branching structure in csh/tcsh |
|
| IF then else FI |
:: |
| Branching structure in sh/bash/ksh |
if [[ condition ]];then commands;fi |
| KSH |
:: |
| Korn shell. (ksh88) |
|
| KSH93 |
:: |
| ksh93 with real number arithmetics |
ksh93/ksh...depends on the system |
| LINE |
:: |
| Reprint lines until eof (sh/bash/ksh) |
while line;do :;done |
| LN |
:: |
| Make a hard link b to file A |
ln a B |
| Make a symbolik link b to file A |
ln -s a B |
| Romove link B |
rm B |
| LP |
:: |
| Print file on default printer |
lp <file> |
| Print file on specific printer |
lp -d <destination> <file> |
| LPSTAT |
:: |
| Show all printers |
lpstat -a |
| Check the printer queue |
lpstat -o |
| Show defoult printer destination |
lpstat -d |
| Show printer status |
lpstat -p |
| Show sceduler status |
lpstat -r |
| MAKE |
:: |
| Make the first target of a makefile |
make |
| Make a specific target of a makefile |
make <target> |
| Make according to another file than makefile |
make -f <mymakefile> |
| Just show what would be done but don't |
make -n <target> |
| MKDIR |
:: |
| Make a directory with subdirectories at once |
mkdir -p <path>/<path>/<path> |
| MOUNT |
:: |
| See what is mounted |
mount |
| See what is mounted, but formated |
mount -p |
| Mount a cdrom to /cdrom |
mount /dev/cdrom /cdrom |
| Mount a diskpartition to /usr |
mount /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s5 /usr |
| NAWK |
:: |
| Enhanced version af awk |
|
| NL |
:: |
| Number text lines from a file |
nl -bt -nln <file> |
| NOHUP |
:: |
| Start a job imune to logouts |
nohup <command> & |
| OSVIEW |
:: |
| View system activity on SGI |
osview |
| PACK |
:: |
| An old form of compress. Use gzip instead. |
pack <file> |
| PASSWD |
:: |
| Change your password |
passwd |
| Delete password of a user (as root) |
passwd -d <username> |
| Change password of a user (as root) |
passwd <username> |
| PASTE |
:: |
| Put single col files into one file with as many cols |
paste <file1> <file2> > <newfile> |
| PERL |
:: |
| Programming language which can also be used from the commandline or from ksh scripts. |
| PR |
:: |
| Format an ascii file for printing (76 lines) |
pr -l76 -h"title" <filename> |
| Copy a file from one computer to another |
rcp <comp1>:/<path>/<file> <comp2>:/<path>/ |
| REGCMP |
:: |
| Compile a regexp from a file |
regcmp <file> |
| Entry in the file above (example) |
varname "^[a-z].*[0-9.*$" |
| RESET |
:: |
| Reset the terminal after having messed it up |
reset |
| RPCINFO |
:: |
| Get portinfo from <host> |
rpcinfo -p <host> |
| RSH |
:: |
| Execute a command on a remote computer |
rsh <host> <comand> |
| RUSER |
:: |
| See who is logged in in the local network |
rusers |
| RWHO |
:: |
| Like rusers, but mostly doesn't work |
|
| SCRIPT |
:: |
| This logges all which passes the screen |
script <logfile> |
| SED |
:: |
| Substitute a string in a file |
sed -e 's/fred/john/g' <file> |
| Substitute a pattern in a file |
sed -e 's/[0-9]+/number/g' <file> |
| Change all "X" to red in a html file |
sed -e 's!X!<font color="#FF0000">X</font>!g; |
| Rename files with suffix .suf1 to files with suffix .suf2 |
ls -1 | grep '\.suf1$' | sed -e 's/\(.*\.\)suf1/mv & \1suf2/' | sh |
| Change a to b but only on lines with C |
sed -e '/C/s/A/B/' <infile> ><outfile> |
| Delete all lines which contain "you owe me" |
sed -e '/you owe me/d' <infile> > <outfile> |
| Have many editing commands in a file |
sed -f <commandfile> <infile> > <outfile> |
| SH |
:: |
| Shell. The oldest AT&T shell, which is standard for universal shell scripts. Ksh is it's successor. |
| SHUTDOWN |
:: |
| Stop the system |
shutdown -h now |
| SLEEP |
:: |
| Tell ashell script to pause for 10 seconds |
sleep 10 |
| SORT |
:: |
| Sort lines of a file alphabetically |
sort <file> |
| Sort lines of a file numerically |
sort -n <file> |
| Sort and reverse the order |
sort -r <file> |
| Sort and take only one of equal lines |
sort -u <file> |
| Show the used user ID's from /etc/passwd |
sort +2n -t: /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3 |
| SPELL |
:: |
| Check for misspelled words in a file |
spell <file> |
| Check, but ignore words from okfile |
spell +<okfile> <file> |
| SPLIT |
:: |
| Split a big file for putting on floppy |
split -b1m <file> |
| Put splitters together if their name starts with x |
cat x* > <newfile> |
| STRINGS |
:: |
| Read ascii strings from a binary file |
strings <file> |
| STTY |
:: |
| Show the terminal settings |
stty -a |
| Change the deletions chatachter to "^H" |
stty erase "^H" |
| Do no more show what is typed in scripts |
stty -echo |
| Show the typeing again |
stty echo |
| SU |
:: |
| Become root with own environment |
su |
| Become root with root environment |
su - |
| As root become another user |
su <username> |
| TAIL |
:: |
| Report certain lines from a growing file |
tail -f <file> | grep <pattern> |
| TAR |
:: |
| Pack together a whole directory |
tar cvf <outfile>.tar <dir> |
| Unpack a tar file |
tar xvf <file>.tar |
| Unpack and untar a file with normal tar |
gzip -dc <file>.tar.gz | tar xvf - |
| Unpack and untar a file with gnutar |
tar xzvf <file>tar.gz |
| Set the tape variable in the .cshrc for tar |
tape=/dev/rmt/0mbn |
| Put a dir onto the tape |
tar cv <dir> |
| Retrieve the dir from the tape |
tar xv |
| Retrieve only a single file from the tape |
tar xv <file> |
| Get table of contents from tape |
tar t |
| Copy a directory with links and propper permissions |
(cd fromdir && tar -cBf - . ) | ( cd todir && tar -xBf - ) |
| TCSH |
:: |
| Good interaktive shell from Berkly. Only second to bash. |
| TEE |
:: |
| Put output on screen and append to file |
who | tee -a > <file> |
| TEST |
:: |
| Check for a file |
test -a <file> |
| Check for beeing root |
test -O /usr/bin/su |
| Check for astrin beeing non null |
test -n "$foo" |
| Compare two strings numerically |
test $var1 -gt $var2 |
| In a ksh script one uses "test" indirectly |
if [[ -a <file> ]];then ...;fi |
| TIME |
:: |
| See how much time a command needs |
time <command> |
| TOUCH |
:: |
| Protect against the the crontab |
find /myscratch -exec touch {} \; |
| TR |
:: |
| Replace a with x, b with y and c with z |
tr '[a-c]' '[x-z]' < infile > outfile |
| TRAP |
:: |
| Catch "^C" etc. and execute a subroutine |
trap "mysub;exit" 0 1 2 15 |
| TRUE |
:: |
| Make a non extisting command to return 0 |
ln -s /usr/bin/true ranlib |
| TRUSS |
:: |
| See what system calls a command uses |
truss <command> > /dev/null |
| TYPSET |
:: |
| Show the functions which are active |
typset |
| TTY |
:: |
| See the device for your terminal |
tty |
| ULIMIT |
:: |
| Show the max file size you can write |
ulimit |
| UMASK |
:: |
| Show your umask for new files |
umask |
| Set a save umask |
umask 077 |
| UNIQ |
:: |
| Find a line of each equal ones an say how many |
sort <file> | uniq -c |
| Find uniq lines |
sort <file> | uniq -u |
| UPTIME |
:: |
| Show how long the computer is running |
uptime |
| UUENCODE |
:: |
| Encode a file for mailing |
uuencode decodedname namenow > codedname |
| UUDECODE |
:: |
| Decode a uuencoded file |
uudecode <file> |
| WAIT |
:: |
| Wait for a background job to terminate |
wait $jobid |
| VI |
:: |
| The main unix editor |
vi <file> |
| WC |
:: |
| Count lines in a file |
wc -l <file> |
| XARGS |
:: |
| Execute a command for each line from pipe |
<command> | xargs -i grep 'pattern' {} |
| XON |
:: |
| Get an xterm from another computer |
xon <host> |
| Get anything from another computer |
xon <host> <X-client> |
浙公网安备 33010602011771号