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通过javascript操作CSS3属性实现动画

CSS3提供两种方式来实现动画,transition与animation。animation涉及自定义一种为“@keyframes”的东西,这个需要动用到insertRule太复杂了,因此本文跳过它。有人它为transform也算一种,但它是静态的,需要结合transition才能变成动态,因此也跳过。

transition主要就是以下四个属性,后面跟着的是它们的初始值

  • transition-property: all;
  • transition-duration: 0s;
  • transition-timing-function: ease;
  • transition-delay: 0s;

transition-property的值可以为none,all,或指定上的属性名

当前可进行补间的CSS属性(比MDC上的少,去掉许多私有属性与比较罕见的属性)

属性名 类型
属性名 类型
background-color color
background-image gradients only; not implemented in Firefox
background-position percentage | length
background-size percentage | length
border-color (including sub-properties) color
border-radius (including sub-properties) percentage | length
border-width (including sub-properties) length
border-spacing length
bottom percentage | length
box-shadow shadow
color color
clip rectangle
font-size percentage | length
font-weight number | keywords (excluding bolder, lighter)
height percentage | length
left percentage |  length
letter-spacing length
line-height number |  percentage | length
margin (including sub-properties) length
max-height percentage |  length
max-width percentage | length
min-height percentage | length
min-width percentage |  length
opacity number
padding (including sub-properties) length
right percentage | length
text-indent percentage | length
text-shadow shadow
top percentage |  length
-moz-transform-origin percentage |  length, keywords
-moz-transform transform-function
vertical-align percentage | length, keywords
width percentage | length
word-spacing percentage |  length
z-index integer

transition-duration,动画的持续时间,其值为一个带单位的数值,单位可以为s与ms

transition-delay:动画延迟多久开始.

transition-timing-function:缓动公式,值为ease | linear | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier(, , , )

ease
This keyword sets the easing function to cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0).
linear
This keyword sets the easing function to cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0).
ease-in
This keyword sets the easing function to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0).
ease-out
This keyword sets the easing function to cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 0.58, 1.0).
ease-in-out
This keyword sets the easing function to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0.0, 0.58, 1.0).
cubic-bezier
Specifies a cubic bezier curve to use as the easing function. The four number values specify the P1 and P2 points of the curve as (x1, y1, x2, y2). All values must be in the range [0.0, 1.0] inclusive.

这是几个默认timing-function的示例:

default »
linear »
ease-in »
ease-out »
ease-in-out »
cubic-bezier »

但在JS操作它们时我们其中只需要transition就行了,由于这是浏览器商首先搞出来,因此都带着它们的前缀,如-ms-,-moz-等等,我们需要把它们改成驼峰风格才能调用,见下面的例子。

示例1,通过JS来操作这些CSS3属性实现动画效果:

示例2,同时操作多个属性的渐变,我们需要用“,”隔开。

新锐浏览器也为此添加了一个事件,当渐变动画结束时,让我们清除渐变属性。不过,这个事件名,非常不规则,webkit系是webkitTransitionEnd,opera是oTransition,FF竟然是transitionend!它们与CSS属性那个大写开头的驼峰风格是不一样的(如WebkitTransition,OTransition,MozTransition)

            var transitionEnd = (navigator.vendor && "webkitTransitionEnd") || ( window.opera && "oTransitionEnd") || "transitionend"; 
            el.addEventListener(transitionEnd,function(){//IE10 pp3将会支持transition与transform
                        //http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2011/04/12/native-html5-first-ie10-platform-preview-available-for-download.aspx
                 this.style.removeProperty(css3transition.replace( rupper, "-$1" ).toLowerCase());//css3transition即WebkitTransition等
            },true)

支持情况:

  • firefox 4.0
  • chrome 4.0+
  • safari 3.1+
  • opera 10.5+

相关链接

http://www.the-art-of-web.com/css/css-animation/

http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/css3-transitions-and-2d-transforms/

http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/presto23/css/transitions/

posted on 2011-09-07 08:52  司徒正美  阅读(7936)  评论(6编辑  收藏  举报