在 centos 上安装 virutalbox

目录

• 简介
• centos 6.x 安装 virtual box
  • Step 1 – Add Required Yum Repositories
  • Step 2 – Install Required Packages
  • Step 3 – Setup Environment Variable
  • Step 4 – Install Oracle VirtualBox and Setup
  • Step 5 – Launch VirtualBox
• virtual box 中安装 centos 6 minimum 镜像
  • 安装镜像
  • 网络设置
    • 桥接模式，设置静态 ip

简介

VirtualBox 是一款开源虚拟机软件。VirtualBox 是由德国 Innotek 公司开发，由Sun Microsystems公司出品的软件，使用Qt编写，在 Sun 被 Oracle 收购后正式更名成 Oracle VM VirtualBox。Innotek 以 GNU General Public License (GPL) 释出 VirtualBox，并提供二进制版本及 OSE 版本的代码。使用者可以在VirtualBox上安装并且执行Solaris、Windows、DOS、Linux、OS/2 Warp、BSD等系统作为客户端操作系统。现在则由甲骨文公司进行开发，是甲骨文公司xVM虚拟化平台技术的一部份。

VirtualBox号称是最强的免费虚拟机软件，它不仅具有丰富的特色，而且性能也很优异！它简单易用，可虚拟的系统包括Windows（从Windows 3.1到Windows10、Windows Server 2012，所有的Windows系统都支持）、Mac OS X、Linux、OpenBSD、Solaris、IBM OS2甚至Android等操作系统！使用者可以在VirtualBox上安装并且运行上述的这些操作系统！ 与同性质的VMware及Virtual PC比较下，VirtualBox独到之处包括远端桌面协定（RDP）、iSCSI及USB的支持，VirtualBox在客户端操作系统上已可以支持USB 2.0的硬件装置，不过要安装 VirtualBox Extension Pack。

-- 来自百度百科

centos 6.x 安装 virtual box

整个安装过程主要是参考如下博客。

https://tecadmin.net/install-oracle-virtualbox-on-centos-redhat-and-fedora/

Oracle VirtualBox is a cross-platform virtualization application. It installs on your existing Intel or AMD-based computers, whether they are running Windows, Mac, Linux or Solaris operating systems. It extends the capabilities of your existing computer so that it can run multiple operating systems at the same time. Click here to read more about VirtualBox

Oracle has released its new major version VirtualBox 6.0.4 . In this release VirtualBox has improves stability and fixes regressions. To read more about this release read changelog. This article will help you to install Oracle VirtualBox 6.0 on CentOS and Redhat systems using Yum.

Step 1 – Add Required Yum Repositories

Firstly you are required to add VirtualBox yum repository in your system. Download repository file from its official site and place it under at /etc/yum.repos.d/virtualbox.repo .First navigate to /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory and use one of below commands as per your operating system.

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/rhel/virtualbox.repo

The CentOS and RedHat users also required to add EPEL yum repository using one of the following commands.

### On CentOS/RHEL 7 ### 
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

### On CentOS/RHEL 6 ### 
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

Step 2 – Install Required Packages

Before installing VirtualBox make sure to install all required packages to run VirtualBox like kernel-headers, kernel-devels etc. Use the following command to install the required packages.

yum install gcc make patch  dkms qt libgomp
yum install kernel-headers kernel-devel fontforge binutils glibc-headers glibc-devel

After installing latest kernel and kernel headers, let’s reboot your system and start with Latest kernel.

reboot

Step 3 – Setup Environment Variable

VirtualBox installation required kernel source code to install required modules, So we need to configure environment variable KERN_DIR to which VirtualBox get kernel source code. In my case latest kernel source is available in 2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64 directory under /usr/src/kernels/ . Make sure you are using correct source path.

export KERN_DIR=/usr/src/kernels/`uname -r`

Step 4 – Install Oracle VirtualBox and Setup

Use the following command to install VirtualBox using the yum command line tool. It will install the latest version of VirtualBox 5.2 on your system.

yum install VirtualBox-6.0

要开始重新编译 kernel 模块，还要安装下面的软件

sudo yum install kernel-devel kernel-devel-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64

After installation, we need to rebuild kernel modules using the following command.

service vboxdrv setup

Step 5 – Launch VirtualBox

Use following command to start VirtualBox from X windows. You can switch to GUI mode using init 5 or startx commands from terminal.

virtualbox

virtual box 中安装 centos 6 minimum 镜像

安装镜像

镜像地址： https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/#

我选的是 centos 6.10 minimum

https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/6.10/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.10-x86_64-minimal.iso

在安装时，网络模式，我选择的是桥接模式

网络设置

在 virtualbox 中安装好 centos minium 后，默认是没有开启网络的，需要自己设置。

开启网络的操作，主要是参考下面链接

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/78295/centos-no-network-interface-after-installation-in-virtualbox/78305#78305

核心操作是编辑文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

设置下面字段

ONBOOT="yes"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"

桥接模式，设置静态 ip

选择了桥接模式，但是每次启动 centos 后 ip 地址老变，需要将 ip 地址固定住。

参考链接如下 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25166683/article/details/83211617

当前 nn02 上的网络配置如下。 文件/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

BOOTPROTO=static
 IPADDR=192.168.1.222
 NETMASK=255.255.255.0
 GATEWAY=192.168.1.255
 DNS1=114.114.114.114

DEVICE=eth0
 HWADDR=08:00:27:5E:74:AE
 TYPE=Ethernet
 UUID=1ee603a9-d6dd-460c-86c2-a74e739193be
 ONBOOT=yes
 NM_CONTROLLED=no
 BOOTPROTO=static
 NAME=eth0

重启网络服务后，就会发现 ip 地址固定为 192.168.1.222 了。