Django之路12——form modelform formset modelformset的各种用法
首先上结论：
form适用于对单个表单的操作，并且需要对每个字段的验证规则自定义。
modelform：适用于对用户提交的单个表单操作，字段可以用model中的表的字段来作为验证规则，适用于快速的进行增加、修改。
formset：适用于对多个表单进行操作，字段需要也可以用model中的表的字段来作为验证规则。
modelfoemset：适用于对多个表单进行操作，字段需要也可以用model中的表的字段来作为验证规则，速度可能快一些(有待考证)
form用法
后端代码
from django.forms import widgets
wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
class UserForm(forms.Form):
name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
widget=wid_01
)
pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) #
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return HttpResponse("OK")
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
modelform用法
class MenuModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.Menu
fields = '__all__'
widgets = {
'title': forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入角色名称', 'class': 'form-control'}),
'icon': forms.RadioSelect(
choices=ICON_LIST
)
}
error_messages = {
'title': {
'required': '菜单名称不能为空',
},
'icon': {
'required': '请选择图标',
}
}
def menu_add(request):
"""
添加菜单
:param request:
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'GET':
form = MenuModelForm()
else:
form = MenuModelForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.data)
form.save()
return redirect(reverse('rbac:menu_list'))
return render(request, 'rbac/menu_change.html', {'form': form})
def menu_edit(request, pk):
"""
编辑菜单
:param request:
:return:
"""
obj = models.Menu.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
if not obj:
return HttpResponse('菜单不存在')
if request.method == 'GET':
form = MenuModelForm(instance=obj)
return render(request, 'rbac/menu_change.html', {'form': form})
form = MenuModelForm(request.POST, instance=obj)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect(reverse('rbac:menu_list'))
<div class="luffy-container">
<form class="form-horizontal" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">菜单名称：</label>
<div class="col-sm-6">
{{ form.title }}
</div>
<div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-2">
<input type="submit" value="保 存" class="btn btn-primary">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">图标：</label>
<div class="col-sm-7 icon-area">
{{ form.icon }}
</div>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<div>{{ form.title.errors.0 }}</div>
<div>{{ form.icon.errors.0 }}</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
formset用法
class MultiPermissionForm(forms.Form):
id = forms.IntegerField(
widget=forms.HiddenInput(),
required=False
)
title = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control"})
)
url = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control"})
)
name = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control"})
)
menu_id = forms.ChoiceField(
choices=[(None, '-----')],
widget=forms.Select(attrs={'class': "form-control"}),
required=False,
)
pid_id = forms.ChoiceField(
choices=[(None, '-----')],
widget=forms.Select(attrs={'class': "form-control"}),
required=False,
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['menu_id'].choices += models.Menu.objects.values_list('id', 'title')
self.fields['pid_id'].choices += models.Permission.objects.filter(pid__isnull=True).exclude(
menu__isnull=True).values_list('id', 'title')
def clean_pid_id(self):
menu = self.cleaned_data.get('menu_id')
pid = self.cleaned_data.get('pid_id')
if menu and pid:
raise forms.ValidationError('菜单和根权限同时只能选择一个')
return pid
def add(request):
"""
增加
:param request:
:return:
"""
MultiPermissionFormSet = formset_factory(MultiPermissionForm, extra=0)
if request.method == 'GET':
form = MultiPermissionFormSet()
return render(request,'list.html',{'form':form}
form = MultiPermissionFormSet(request.post)
if form.is_valid():
return redict('url')
else:
.........
def edit(request):
"""
修改
:param request:
:return:
"""
MultiPermissionFormSet = formset_factory(MultiPermissionForm, extra=0)
if request.method == 'GET':
form = MultiPermissionFormSet('数据')
# formset是支持批量修改的所以 这里传入的数据一定要是可迭代对象，并且里面的
数据类型是字典或者对象
return render(request,'list.html',{'form':form}
form = MultiPermissionFormSet(request.post)
if form.is_valid():
return redict('url')
else:
.........
<div class="luffy-container">
<form method="post" action="?type=generate">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.management_form }}
# 这里一定要记得写这一步
<div class="panel panel-default">
<!-- Default panel contents -->
<div class="panel-heading">
<i class="fa fa-binoculars" aria-hidden="true"></i> 待新建权限列表
<button class="right btn btn-primary btn-xs" style="padding: 2px 8px;margin: -3px;">
<i class="fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></i>
新建
</button>
</div>
<div class="panel-body" style="color: #9d9d9d;">
注意：路由系统中自动发现且数据库中不存在的路由。
</div>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>名称</th>
<th>URL</th>
<th>别名</th>
<th>所属菜单</th>
<th>根权限</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for form in generate_formset %}
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;">{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
{% for field in form %} # 这里在渲染标签的时候一定要渲染 id这个标签 这个很重要不然会报错 这里是写了两个fou循环 所以自动渲染了id标签
{% if forloop.first %}
<td class="hide">
{% else %}
<td>
{% endif %}
{{ field }}<span style="color: firebrick;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
</td>
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</form>
modelformset用法
class StudyRecordModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = models.StudyRecord
fields = ['student','record','score','homework_note']
def changelist_view(self,request):
ccid = request.GET.get('ccid')
model_formset_cls = modelformset_factory(models.StudyRecord,StudyRecordModelForm,extra=0)
queryset = models.StudyRecord.objects.filter(course_record_id=ccid)
if request.method == "GET":
formset = model_formset_cls(queryset=queryset)
# 这里UI定是个可迭代对象，因为modelformset是操作多表的，里面的数据类型可以为字典或者对象
return render(request,'study_record.html',{'formset':formset})
formset = model_formset_cls(data=request.POST)
print(request.POST)
if formset.is_valid():
formset.save()
return redirect('/stark/crm/studyrecord/list/?ccid=%s' %ccid )
return render(request, 'study_record.html', {'formset': formset})
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">学习记录</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div style="width: 680px;margin: 0 auto;">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ formset.management_form }}
# 这里一定要加这句代码
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>考勤</th>
<th>作业成绩</th>
<th>作业评语</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for form in formset %}
<tr>
{{ form.id }}
# 这里只写了一层for循环，所以手动写字段，必须把id字段写上
<td>{{ form.instance.student }}</td>
<td>{{ form.record }} {{ form.record.errors.0 }}</td>
<td>{{ form.score }} {{ form.score.errors.0 }}</td>
<td>{{ form.homework_note }} {{ form.homework_note.errors.0 }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<input type="submit" value="保存">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
以上为这四种的区别和用法。
