【自学嵌入式：stm32单片机】光敏传感器控制蜂鸣器

目录

• 光敏传感器控制蜂鸣器
  • 接线图
  • 标准库实现
    • Buzzer.h
    • Buzzer.c
    • LightSensor.h
    • LightSensor.c
    • main.c
  • HAL库实现
    • IDE设置
    • Buzzer.h
    • Buzzer.c
    • LightSensor.h
    • LightSensor.c
    • main.c

光敏传感器控制蜂鸣器

接线图

光敏传感器，遮住光线，输出指示灯灭，代表输出高电平，有光线，输出指示灯亮，代表输出低电平，光敏传感器的电位器可以调节高低电平的判断阈值，光敏传感器的IO口选择上拉模式，蜂鸣器选择推挽输出模式
实现的效果就是，遮住光敏电阻或者没光，蜂鸣器响，不遮挡光敏电阻且有光，蜂鸣器不响

标准库实现

已开源到：https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32

Buzzer.h

#ifndef __BUZZER_H
#define __BUZZER_H

void Buzzer_Init(void); //初始化蜂鸣器
void Buzzer_ON(void); //蜂鸣器响
void Buzzer_OFF(void); //蜂鸣器不响
void Buzzer_Turn(void); //蜂鸣器状态取反

#endif

Buzzer.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

//初始化蜂鸣器
void Buzzer_Init(void)
{
	//打开APB2总线的GPIOB外设并开启时钟
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //推挽输出
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_12; //B12口打开
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	//蜂鸣器低电平触发，先设置高电平不让它响
	GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12);
}

//蜂鸣器响
void Buzzer_ON(void)
{
	GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12); 
}

//蜂鸣器不响
void Buzzer_OFF(void)
{
	GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12); 
}

//取反蜂鸣器的状态，端口电平翻转
void Buzzer_Turn(void)
{
	if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12) == 0)
	{
		GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12);
	}
	else
	{
		GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_12);
	}
}

LightSensor.h

#ifndef __LIGHTSENSOR_H
#define __LIGHTSENSOR_H

void LightSensor_Init(void); //初始化光敏传感器
uint8_t LightSensor_Get(void); //获取光敏传感器的值

#endif

LightSensor.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

//初始化光敏传感器
void LightSensor_Init(void)
{
	//打开APB2总线的GPIOB外设并开启时钟
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; //上拉模式
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_13; //B12口打开
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	//不需要输出，我们读取即可
}

uint8_t LightSensor_Get(void)
{
	return GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_13);
}

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "Buzzer.h"
#include "LightSensor.h"

int main(void)
{
	Buzzer_Init(); 
	LightSensor_Init();
	while(1)
	{
		if(LightSensor_Get() == 1)
		{
			Buzzer_ON(); //无光，蜂鸣器响
		}
		else
		{
			Buzzer_OFF(); //有光，蜂鸣器不响
		}
	}
}

HAL库实现

已开源到：https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32-hal

IDE设置

先设置连着蜂鸣器的PB12口为输出，连着光敏传感器的PB13口为输入

再设置蜂鸣器的PB12口是推挽输出模式，光敏电阻的PB13口是上拉模式，还是像本系列上一篇文章一样，配置一下Hardware文件夹，方便编译器识别

由于都配置好了端口，不涉及到蜂鸣器等模块的初始化问题
编译的时候别忘了在项目->属性里设置生成二进制和十六进制文件

Buzzer.h

/*
 * Buzzer.h
 *
 *  Created on: Aug 9, 2025
 *      Author: Administrator
 */

#ifndef HARDWARE_BUZZER_H_
#define HARDWARE_BUZZER_H_

void Buzzer_ON(void); //蜂鸣器响
void Buzzer_OFF(void); //蜂鸣器不响

#endif /* HARDWARE_BUZZER_H_ */

Buzzer.c

/*
 * Buzzer.c
 *
 *  Created on: Aug 9, 2025
 *      Author: Administrator
 */
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"

//蜂鸣器响
void Buzzer_ON(void)
{
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

//蜂鸣器不响
void Buzzer_OFF(void)
{
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}

LightSensor.h

/*
 * LightSensor.h
 *
 *  Created on: Aug 9, 2025
 *      Author: Administrator
 */

#ifndef HARDWARE_LIGHTSENSOR_H_
#define HARDWARE_LIGHTSENSOR_H_

uint8_t LightSensor_Get(void); //获取光敏传感器高低电平，低电平有光

#endif /* HARDWARE_LIGHTSENSOR_H_ */

LightSensor.c

/*
 * LightSensor.c
 *
 *  Created on: Aug 9, 2025
 *      Author: Administrator
 */


#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"

//获取光敏传感器的电平
uint8_t LightSensor_Get(void)
{
	return HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_13);
}

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "Buzzer.h"
#include "LightSensor.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
	  //
	  if(LightSensor_Get() == 1)
	  {
		  Buzzer_ON(); //无光，蜂鸣器响
	  }
	  else
	  {
		  Buzzer_OFF(); //有光，蜂鸣器不响
	  }
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */

  /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_SET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : PB12 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_12;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : PB13 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */

  /* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */