实验一

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<array>


// 函数模板
// 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用范围for输出
template<typename T>
void output1(const T &obj) {
for(auto i: obj)
std::cout << i << ", ";
std::cout << "\b\b \n";
}
// 函数模板
// 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用迭代器输出
template<typename T>
void output2(const T &obj) {
for(auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p)
std::cout << *p << ", ";
std::cout << "\b\b \n";
}
// array模板类基础用法
void test_array() {
using namespace std;

array<int,5> x1;
cout<<"x1.size()="<< x1.size() << endl;
x1.fill(42);
x1.at(0)=999;
x1[4]=-999;
cout<<"x1: ";
output1(x1);
cout << "x1: ";
output2(x1);

array<int,5> x2 (x1);
cout<<boolalpha<<(x1==x2)<<endl;
x2.fill(22);
cout<<"x2: ";
output1(x2);
swap(x1,x2);
cout<<"x1: ";
output1(x1);
cout<<"x2: ";
output1(x2);
}

void test_vector()
{
using namespace std;

vector<int> v1;
cout<<v1.size()<<endl;
cout<<v1.max_size()<<endl;
v1.push_back(55);
cout<<"v1: ";
output1(v1);

vector<int> v2{1,0,5,2};
v2.pop_back();
v2.erase(v2.begin());
v2.insert(v2.begin(),999);
v2.insert(v2.end(),-999);
cout<<v2.size()<<endl;
cout<<"v2: ";
output2(v2);

vector<int> v3(5, 42);
cout << "v3: ";
output1(v3);

vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end()-2);
cout << "v4: ";
output1(v4);
}

void test_string() {
using namespace std;
string s1{"oop"};
cout << s1.size() << endl;
for(auto &i: s1)
i -= 32;
s1 += "2023";
s1.append(", hello");
cout << s1 << endl;
}

int main() {
using namespace std;
cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
test_array();
cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
test_vector();
cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl;
test_string();
}

task.2

#include<iostream>
#include<complex>

void test_std_complex()
{
    using namespace std;
    complex<double> c1{3,4},c2{4.5};
    const complex<double> c3{c2};

    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
    cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag()
<< endl;

cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl;

}

int main()
{
    test_std_complex();
}

task.3

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class T
{
    public:
        T(int x=0,int y=0);
        T(const T &t);
        T(T &&t);
        ~T();

        void set_m1(int x);
        int get_m1() const;
        int get_m2() const;
        void display() const;
        friend void func();

    private:
        int m1,m2;

    public:
        static void display_count();

    public:
        static const string doc;
        static const int max_count;

    private:
        static int count;
};

const string T::doc{"a simple class"};
const int T::max_count = 99;
int T::count = 0;

T::T(int x,int y):m1{x},m2{y}
{
    ++count;
    cout << "constructor called.\n";
}

T::T(const T &t):m1{t.m1},m2{t.m2}
{
    ++count;
    cout << "copy constructor called.\n";
}

T::T(T &&t):m1{t.m1},m2{t.m2}
{
    ++count;
    cout << "move constructor called.\n";
}

T::~T() {
    --count;
    cout << "destructor called.\n";
}

void T::set_m1(int x)
{
    m1=x;
}
int T::get_m1() const {
    return m1;
}
int T::get_m2() const {
    return m2;
}
void T::display() const {
    cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl;
}
void T::display_count() {
cout << "T objects: " << count << endl;
}


void func()
{
    T t1;
    t1.set_m1(55);
    t1.m2=77;
    t1.display();
}


void test() {
    cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl;
    cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl;
    T::display_count();
    T t1;
    t1.display();
    t1.set_m1(42);
    T t2{t1};
    t2.display();
    T t3{std::move(t1)};
    t3.display();
    t1.display();
    T::display_count();
}

int main() {
cout << "============测试类T============" << endl;
test();
cout << endl;
cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl;
func();
}

task.4

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
// 矩形类Rect的定义
// 待补足
// ×××
// 普通函数：输出矩形信息

class Rect
{
    public:
        static const string doc;
    private:
        static int size;
        double length;
        double width;
    public:
        static int size_info();
    public:
        Rect(double x=2.0,double y=1.0);
        Rect(const Rect &t);
        ~Rect();
        double len()const;
        double wide()const;
        double area()const;
        double circumference()const;
        void resize(int times);
        void resize(int l_times,int w_times);


};

const string Rect::doc{"a simple class"};
int Rect::size=0;

Rect::Rect(double x,double y):length{x},width{y}
{
    ++size;
}
Rect::Rect(const Rect &t):length{t.length},width{t.width}
{
    ++size;
}
Rect::~Rect()
{
    --size;
}
double Rect::len()const
{
    return length;
}
double Rect::wide()const
{
    return width;
}
double Rect::area()const
{
    return length*width;
}
double Rect::circumference()const
{
    return 2*(length+width);
}
void Rect::resize(int times)
{
    length/=times;
    width/=times;
}
void Rect::resize(int l_times,int w_times)
{
    length/=l_times;
    width/=w_times;
}
int Rect::size_info()
{
    return size;
}


void output(const Rect &r) {

cout << "矩形信息: " << endl;
cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // 控制输出格式：以浮点数形式输出，小数部分保留两位
cout << "长:     " << r.len() << endl;
cout << "宽:     " << r.wide() << endl;
cout << "面积:   " << r.area() << endl;
cout << "周长:   " << r.circumference() << endl;
// 补足代码：分行输出矩形长、宽、面积、周长
// ×××
}
// 测试代码
void test() {
cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl;
cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
Rect r1;
output(r1);
Rect r2(4, 3);
output(r2);
Rect r3(r2);
r3.resize(2);
output(r3);
r3.resize(5, 2);
output(r3);
cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
}
// 主函数
int main() {
test();
cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
}

task.5

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

class Complex {
public:
    Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) {
        real = r;
        imag = i;
    }

    Complex(const Complex& x) {
        real = x.real;
        imag = x.imag;
    }

    double get_real() const { return real; }
    double get_imag() const { return imag; }

    void add(const Complex& x) {
        real += x.real;
        imag += x.imag;
    }

    void show() const {
        using namespace std;
        if (real == 0 && imag == 0) { cout << 0; }
        else if (real == 0) { cout << imag << "i"; }
        else if (imag == 0) { cout << real; }
        else {
            if (imag > 0) {
                cout << real << " + " << imag << "i";
            }
            else if (imag < 0) {
                cout << real << " - " << -imag << "i";
            }
        }
    }

    friend Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
    friend bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
    friend double abs(const Complex& c1);

private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
    double real = c1.real + c2.real;
    double imag = c1.imag + c2.imag;
    return Complex(real, imag);
}

bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
    if (c1.real == c2.real && c1.imag == c2.imag)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}

double abs(const Complex& c1) {
    return sqrt(c1.real * c1.real + c1.imag * c1.imag);
}

void test() {
    using namespace std;

    Complex c1(3, -4);
    const Complex c2(4.5);
    Complex c3(c1);

    cout << "c1 = ";
    c1.show();
    cout << endl;

    cout << "c2 = ";
    c2.show();
    cout << endl;
    cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;

    cout << "c3 = ";
    c3.show();
    cout << endl;

    cout << "abs(c1) = ";
    cout << abs(c1) << endl;

    cout << boolalpha;
    cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
    cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;

    Complex c4;
    c4 = add(c1, c2);
    cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
    c4.show();
    cout << endl;

    c1.add(c2);
    cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
    c1.show();
    cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}