Domain-specific language 领域特定语言

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language

A domain-specific language (DSL) is a computer language specialized to a particular application domain. This is in contrast to a general-purpose language (GPL), which is broadly applicable across domains. There is a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, down to languages used by only one or a few pieces of software, such asEmacs Lisp for GNU Emacs and XEmacs. DSLs can be further subdivided by the kind of language, and include domain-specific markup languages, domain-specific modeling languages (more generally,specification languages), and domain-specific programming languages. Special-purpose computer languages have always existed in the computer age, but the term "domain-specific language" has become more popular due to the rise of domain-specific modeling. Simpler DSLs, particularly ones used by a single application, are sometimes informally called mini-languages.

The line between general-purpose languages and domain-specific languages is not always sharp, as a language may have specialized features for a particular domain but be applicable more broadly, or conversely may in principle be capable of broad application but in practice used primarily for a specific domain. For example, Perl was originally developed as a text-processing and glue language, for the same domain as AWK and shell scripts, but was mostly used as a general-purpose programming language later on. By contrast, PostScript is a Turing complete language, and in principle can be used for any task, but in practice is narrowly used as a page description language.

用于特定领域的伪编程语言，专门用来解决手头的某个领域，比如从数据库查询数据。

领域特定语言

领域特定语言（英语：domain-specific language、DSL）指的是专注于某个应用程序领域的计算机语言。又译作领域专用语言。同名著作是DSL领域的丰碑之作，由世界级软件开发大师和软件开发“教父”Martin Fowler历时多年写作而成，ThoughtWorks中国翻译。

中文名: 领域特定语言
外文名: domain-specific languages
作者: Martin Fowler

译者: ThoughtWorks中国
学科: 计算机
领域: 计算机

绪论

编辑

在定义DSL是什么的问题上，Fowler 认为业界经常使用的一些特征，例如“关注于领域”、“有限的表现”和“语言本质”是非常模糊的。因此，唯一能够确定DSL边界的方法是考虑“一门语言的一种特定用法”和“该语言的设计者或使用者的意图”：

如果XSLT的设计者将其设计为XML的转换工具，那么我认为XSLT是一个DSL。如果一个用户使用DSL的目的是该DSL所要达到的目的，那么它是一个DSL，但是如果有人以通用的方式来使用一个DSL，那么它（在这种用法下）就不再是一个DSL了。

以Fowler的观点，DSL首先是一种帮助用户从一个系统中抽象出某些部分的工具。所以“当你意识到你需要一个组件，或者当你已经有了一个组件而你希望简化操作它的方式的时候”，DSL是有用的。使用DSL确实提供了某些益处。DSL不仅提高了代码的易读性，让开发者可以和领域专家更好的交流，而且是改变执行上下文的一种手段，例如：把逻辑从编译时切换到运行时，或者当命令式编程不是很合适的时候转用声明式计算模型。