Android运行时权限

　　在Android6.0以后，Google将权限分为了两类，一类为正常权限（Normal Permission），一类为危险权限（Dangerous Permission）。对于正常正常权限，只需在Manifest文件里面申请即可，但对于危险权限，需要运行时动态申请。

危险权限包括以下：

权限组	权限
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS	permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE	permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.USE_SIP  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR	permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA	permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS	permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION	permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE	permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE	permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS	permission:android.permission.READ_SMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

 

动态权限申请：

　　1、在manifest文件里面配置所有需要申请的权限（包括普通权限和危险权限）

　　2、确保工程TargetSdkVersion版本在23以上（因为动态权限是针对23以上的版本设计的，如果TargetSdkVersion低于23，相关接口将会失效，比如ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission将始终返回0）

　　3、确保目标设备为Android6.0及以上

　　4、检查权限：ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission检查权限是否被允许。如果权限被拒绝，在使用ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale检查权限是否被彻底拒绝。

　　5、权限申请：如果权限没有被彻底拒绝，则可以使用ActivityCompat.requestPermissions申请权限

　　6、后续处理：当用户处理完权限请求后，可以通过onRequestPermissionsResult获取到用户处理的结果

 

示例代码：

　　检查TargetSdkVersion和目标设备API版本：

　　private static int getTargetSdkVersion(Activity activity){
        int targetSdkVersion = 0;
        Context context = activity.getApplicationContext();
        try {  
            final PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0);  
            targetSdkVersion = info.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion;  
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return targetSdkVersion;
    }
    
    private static boolean checkRuntimePermissionAvailable(Activity activity){
        // Always return true for API version < M, let the system deal with the permissions
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            Log.w("Permission", "API version < M, return true by default");
            return false;
        }
        // Always return true for target sdk version < M, let the system deal with the permissions
        if (getTargetSdkVersion(activity) < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            Log.w("Permission", "Target sdk version < M, return true by default");
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

 

　　获得被拒绝的权限：

　　@SuppressLint("NewApi")
    private static String[] getDeniedPermissions(Activity activity, String[] permissions, boolean isAll) {
        List<String> deniedPermissionList = new ArrayList<String>();
        Context context = activity.getApplicationContext();
        for (String permission : permissions){
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Log.i("Permission", "\"" + permission + "\" has been granted");
            } else {
                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisClass, permission)){
                    deniedPermissionList.add(permission);
                    Log.w("Permission", "\"" + permission + "\" was denied");
                }else{
                    if (isAll){
                        deniedPermissionList.add(permission);
                    }
                    Log.w("Permission", "\"" + permission + "\" was denied completely");
                }
            }
        }
        
        String[] deniedPermissions = new String[deniedPermissionList.size()];
        deniedPermissions = deniedPermissionList.toArray(deniedPermissions);

        return deniedPermissions;
    }

 

　　申请被拒绝的权限：

　　@SuppressLint("NewApi")
    private static void requestPermissions(Activity activity, int requestCode, String[] deniedPermissions){
        for( String permission : deniedPermissions ){
            Log.i("Permission", "Requesting permission \"" + permission + "\"");
        }
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, deniedPermissions, requestCode);
    }

 

　　权限申请的后续处理：

    @SuppressLint("NewApi") 
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        boolean isAllGranted = true;
        switch( requestCode ){
        case 1:
            for ( int result : grantResults){
                if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    isAllGranted = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        
        if (isAllGranted){
            // All permissions are granted
            Log.i("Permission", "All permissions have been granted");
        }else{
            // There is at least a permission which aren't granted
            Log.w("Permission", "There is at least a permission which aren't granted");
        }
    }