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摘要：1. Initialization和Assignment不一样。其中Initialization包括direct-initialization (如A a(...))和copy-initialization (如 A a = b;) 注意A a = b为copy-initialization， 而A a; A b; a = b;为Assignment。2. We cannot copy objects of the IO types, so we cannot use copy-initialization on objects of these types.3. As the copy .. 阅读全文

摘要：1. 类中成员默认属性为private，private成员只对类里面的其他成员可见。2. 在类里面定义的成员函数默认为inline函数。如果只是在类中声明，那么其定义也要有inline关键字，inline关键字在声明和定义处任意出现一次就行。inline函数的定义必须出现在头文件中。3. 声明为const的成员函数不能改变调用它的对象的数据成员，const在声明和定义中都要写明。4. data abstraction是指我们只知道接口(interface)，不知道内部如何实现(implementation)。5. encapsulation是指将低层次的元素组装成高层次的实体。例如一个函数，一 阅读全文

摘要：#include <algorithm>1. find()函数2. accumulate()函数3. find_first_of()函数的两个range的类型可以不同，但是两个range内部的类型必须相同。4. fill()函数，使用时必须保证空间是足够的。 fill_n(back_inserter(vec), 10, 0);//appends 10 elements to vec5. replace()函数改变容器内部，replace_copy()函数不改变容器内部，而是自己新拷贝一份。6. sort()函数，unique()函数，unique_copy()函数，stable_s 阅读全文

摘要：1. map和set中的key是唯一的，multimap和multiset中的key可以出现多次。2. Whenever we use an associative container, its keys have not only a type, but also an associated comparsion function.3. The value_type is a pair and that we can chagne the value but not the key member of that pair.4. 用下标插入元素时，内部操作是这样的： - 找key，找不到 .. 阅读全文

摘要：1. Two constraints that element types must meet: - The element type must support assignment. - We must be able to copy objects of the element type. Soreferences, IO library types, auto_ptr typeare not permitted.2. Only vector and deque support iterator arithmetic and the use of relational operato... 阅读全文

摘要：1. IO library types do not allow copy or assignment. Only element types that support copy can be stored in vectors or other container types. We cannot have a parameter or return type that is one of the stream types. If we need to pass or return an IO object, it must be passed or returned as a poin.. 阅读全文

摘要：1. To invoke a function we use the call operator, which is a pair of parentheses. The operands to the call operator are the name of the function and a (possibly empty) comma-separated list of arguments.#include <iostream>using namespace std;string::size_type find_char(const string &s, char 阅读全文

摘要：这一章讲控制结构，和C，Java没区别。跟C不同的是，C++增加了try blocks and Exception Handling#include <iostream>#include <stdexcept>using namespace std;void foo(){ int b = 0; if (b == 0) throw runtime_error("b == 0"); int a = 4/b; cout << a << endl;}void bar() throw(int){ throw 5;}int main(){ 阅读全文

摘要：这一章的内容和C语言基础知识大同小异。1. i++ 与 ++i 的效率问题 i++的话，需要保存原来的值，然后增加 i，之后返回 i 原来的值；++i 直接增加 i，然后返回当前的 i 值，所以少做一步工作。2. Setting the pointer to 0 after the object it refers to has been deleted makes it clear that the pointer points to no object. It is legal to delete a pointer whose value is zero; doing so has .. 阅读全文

摘要：这一章更多的是在讲C语言的东西。Pointers to const Objectsconst double *ptrconst Pointersdouble *const ptr = &value //必须初始化const Pointer to a const Objectcosnt double *const ptr = &valuePointers and TypedefsTypedef string *pstringconst pstring cstr;其实const pstring cstr 等价于 string *const cstrconst int *pci_ok 阅读全文

摘要：1. std::string size()函数返回值为string::size_type，用下标时，也用string::size_type作为index的类型#include <iostream>#include <cstdio>#include <string>using namespace std;int main(){ string s = "abc"; cout << s << endl; cin >> s; cout << s << endl; string line; 阅读全文

摘要：1. 这章谈到了初始化和赋值其实是不同的，这使我想起了构造函数中的普通构造函数，拷贝构造函数，赋值构造函数，详见博文C++中的构造函数与析构函数 string这个类有default constructor，即初始化为"".2. 一个变量在一个程序中能够声明多次，但只能定义一次。3. Nonconst varialbes are extern by default. To make a const variable accessible to other files we must explicitly specify that it is extern.4. There i 阅读全文

摘要：这一章算是简介。自己写了几个程序。1. main函数的返回值int main(){ //after ./a.out, execute 'echo $?', it will output 7. return 7;}2. 对comment的理解#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main(){ cout << "/*"; cout << "*/"; cout << /* "*/" */";}3. 对输入的理解#inc 阅读全文

摘要：1. MountMount - Combine the FSes into one namespace. All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at /. These files can be spread out over several devices. The mount command serves to attach the filesystem found on some device to the big file tree.Th 阅读全文