cURL 与 HTTP2
原文：http://www.tuicool.com/articles/MrEBBb7
可以通过如下命令检查当前安装的curl支持的协议及特性：
$ curl --version
curl 7.47.0(x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.47.0GnuTLS/3.4.10zlib/1.2.8libidn/1.32librtmp/2.3
Protocols:dictfileftp ftps gopher http httpsimapimaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtmp rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp
Features:AsynchDNS IDN IPv6 Largefile GSS-API Kerberos SPNEGO NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz TLS-SRP UnixSockets
可以看到当前安装的curl支持的http、https等协议，及其它功能，但其中并没有包含HTTP2。
此时我们强制curl以HTTP2向请求服务器请求服务，会看到如下的报错信息：
$ curl --http2 -v https://www.wolfcstech.com/2016/11/14/nginx_uWSGI_deply_django_on_ubuntu/
curl:(1) Unsupported protocol
编译安装nghttp2
curl依赖nghttp2提供对HTTP2的支持，因而首先需要安装nghttp2。
下载并安装nghttp2：
$ git clone git@github.com:nghttp2/nghttp2.git
$ cd nghttp2
$ ./configure
$ sudo make & make install
编译安装curl
下载、配置并安装curl
$ git clone git@github.com:curl/curl.git
$ cd curl
$ ./configure --with-nghttp2=/usr/local--with-ssl
$ make
$ sudo make install
还可以通过 ./configure --help 查看可以为curl做的其它配置：
hanpfei0306@ThundeRobot:~/data/osprojects/curl$ ./configure --help
`configure' configures curl - to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this helpandexit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version informationandexit
-q, --quiet, --silentdonotprint`checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent filesinPREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent filesinEPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--runstatedir=DIR modifiable per-process data [LOCALSTATEDIR/run]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header filesfornon-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/curl]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
System types:
--build=BUILD configureforbuilding on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATUREdonotincludeFEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG]includeFEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-maintainer-mode
enable make rules and dependencies not useful (and
sometimes confusing) to the casual installer
--enable-silent-rules less verbose build output (undo:"make V=1")
--disable-silent-rules verbose build output (undo:"make V=0")
--enable-debug Enable debug build options
--disable-debug Disable debug build options
--enable-optimize Enable compiler optimizations
--disable-optimize Disable compiler optimizations
--enable-warnings Enable strict compiler warnings
--disable-warnings Disable strict compiler warnings
--enable-werror Enable compiler warnings as errors
--disable-werror Disable compiler warnings as errors
--enable-curldebug Enable curl debug memory tracking
--disable-curldebug Disable curl debug memory tracking
--enable-symbol-hiding Enable hiding of library internal symbols
--disable-symbol-hiding Disable hiding of library internal symbols
--enable-hidden-symbols To be deprecated, use --enable-symbol-hiding
--disable-hidden-symbols
To be deprecated, use --disable-symbol-hiding
--enable-ares[=PATH] Enable c-aresforDNS lookups
--disable-ares Disable c-aresforDNS lookups
--disable-rt disable dependency on -lrt
--enable-dependency-tracking
do not reject slow dependency extractors
--disable-dependency-tracking
speeds up one-time build
--disable-largefile omit supportforlarge files
--enable-shared[=PKGS] build shared libraries [default=yes]
--enable-static[=PKGS] build static libraries [default=yes]
--enable-fast-install[=PKGS]
optimize for fast installation [default=yes]
--disable-libtool-lock avoid locking (mightbreakparallel builds)
--enable-http Enable HTTP support
--disable-http Disable HTTP support
--enable-ftp Enable FTP support
--disable-ftp Disable FTP support
--enable-file Enable FILE support
--disable-file Disable FILE support
--enable-ldap Enable LDAP support
再次检查curl的版本及其支持的功能列表：
$ curl --version
curl 7.50.2-DEV (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.50.2-DEV OpenSSL/1.0.2g zlib/1.2.8nghttp2/1.14.0-DEV
Protocols:dictfileftp ftps gopher http httpsimapimaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp
Features:IPv6 Largefile NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz TLS-SRP HTTP2 UnixSockets
已经可以看到HTTP2。
强制curl以HTTP2请求资源
可以以如下这样的命令强制curl以HTTP2协议向服务器请求服务：
$ curl --http2 -v https://www.wolfcstech.com/2016/11/14/nginx_uWSGI_deply_django_on_ubuntu/
* Trying 139.196.224.72...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to www.wolfcstech.com (139.196.224.72) port443(#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* Cipher selection: ALL:!EXPORT:!EXPORT40:!EXPORT56:!aNULL:!LOW:!RC4:@STRENGTH
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
* CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
CApath:none
* TLSv1.2(OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2(OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2(IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2(IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2(IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
* TLSv1.2(IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
* TLSv1.2(OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
* TLSv1.2(OUT), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2(OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2(IN), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2(IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.2/ ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
* subject: CN=www.wolfcstech.com
* start date: Oct 2501:12:002016GMT
* expire date: Jan 2301:12:002017GMT
* subjectAltName: host "www.wolfcstech.com"matched cert's "www.wolfcstech.com"
* issuer: C=US; O=Let's Encrypt; CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
* SSL certificate verify ok.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multi-use
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2datainstream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* Using Stream ID: 1(easy handle0x7a86b0)
> GET /2016/11/14/nginx_uWSGI_deply_django_on_ubuntu/ HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.wolfcstech.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.50.2-DEV
> Accept: */*
>
* Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS updated)!
< HTTP/2200
< server: nginx
< date: Mon, 14Nov201609:15:02GMT
< content-type: text/html
< content-length: 68614
< last-modified: Mon, 14Nov201603:55:02GMT
< etag: "58293596-10c06"
< accept-ranges: bytes
<
<!doctype html>
<html class="theme-next mist use-motion">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/>
<meta name="viewport"content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"/>
参考文档
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