selenium之css和xpath定位详解

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

'''
# 如百度输入框
<input id="kw" name="wd" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="255" autocomplete="off">
'''

# css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"标签.class>子标签.class1.class2[属性名1='属性值1'][属性名2='属性值2']")
# css选择器参考 https://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/css_selectors.asp
# xpath = (By.XPATH,"//标签[@属性='属性值']/子标签[@属性1='属性值1' and @属性2='属性值2']")

# id定位
id_loc = (By.ID,"kw")
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#kw")
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input#kw")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//input[@id='kw']")

# class定位
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,".s_ipt")
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input.s_ipt")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//input[@class='s_ipt']")

# 属性等于某个值
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name]") # 仅有属性名没有值
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='wd']")
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name='wd'][autocomplete='off']") # 多个属性
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//input[@name='wd' and @autocomplete='off']") # 多个属性 可使用逻辑运算符 -- and、or

# 属性包含某个值
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name*='wd']")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//input[contains(@name ,'wd')]")

# 属性以某个值开头
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name^='wd']")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//input[starts-with(@name,'wd')]")

# 属性以某个值结尾
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name$='wd']")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//input[ends-with(@name,'wd')]") # xpath查到这种写法，实际使用不支持

# 其他定位方式
# 属性值由空格分隔，匹配其中一个值的方法
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name~='wd']")
# 属性值被-分隔
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input[name|='wd']")

# 文本等于或包含某个值
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"input:contains('nicole')") # css查到这种写法，实际使用不支持
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//input[text(),'nicole']")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH, "//input[contains(text(),'nicole')]")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH, "//input[contains(.,'nicole')]")

# 定位子节点
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"div>input")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH, "//div/input")
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH, "//div//input") # 相对路径

# 定位兄弟节点
css_loc = (By.CSS_SELECTOR,"div+div")

# 定位父节点
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH, "//div[@id='name']/..")

 xpath定位父子兄弟节点

# 父节点定位子节点/child::
# 子节点定位父节点/parent::
# 弟弟节点定位哥哥节点/preceding-sibling::
# 哥哥节点定位弟弟节点/following::
xpath_loc = (By.XPATH,"//div/parent::div/following::div//button")