Head First Design patterns笔记-Strategy Patterns (从不同的人使用不同的交通工具上班看策略模式)
定义:Strategy pattern define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and makes them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.(保留原汁原味吧!木有翻译。)
VS自动生成的类图:
实例代码:
using System;2
using System.Collections.Generic;3
using System.Text;4
using System.Diagnostics;5

6
namespace StrategyDemo7
{8
/// <summary>9
/// Base class for Boss, TeamMember and PM (let's call them workers).10
/// </summary>11
public abstract class Worker12
{13
protected IVehicle _vehicle;14

15
//Base class may provide a lot of fields that subclass can inherit.16
protected string m_Name;17

18
public string Name19
{20
get { return m_Name; }21
set { m_Name = value; }22
}23

24
/// <summary>25
/// The behavior may quite differnt based on different vehicles,26
/// so encapsulate into classes that implement IVehicle. 27
/// </summary>28
public void GoToWork()29
{30
Debug.Assert(null != _vehicle, "Please choose your vehicle before you go to work!");31
_vehicle.Go();32
}33

34
/// <summary>35
/// Choose your own vehicle.36
/// </summary>37
/// <param name="vehicle"></param>38
public void SetVehicle(IVehicle vehicle)39
{40
_vehicle = vehicle;41
}42

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}44

45
subclasses of Worker77

78

79
/// <summary>80
/// Every vehicle has to implement this interface.81
/// Notice that every differnt vehicle has its own behavior.82
/// </summary>83
public interface IVehicle84
{85
void Go();86
}87

88
Vehicles that implement IVehicle112

113

114
class Program115
{116
static void Main(string[] args)117
{118
Boss boss = new Boss("someone");119
boss.SetVehicle(new Car());120
boss.GoToWork();121
Console.WriteLine("**********************************************************");122
TeamMember teamMember = new TeamMember();123
teamMember.SetVehicle(new MiniBike());124
teamMember.GoToWork();125
Console.WriteLine("**********************************************************");126
PM pm = new PM();127
pm.SetVehicle(new MotorMike());128
pm.GoToWork();129

130
Console.ReadKey();131
}132
}133
}134

运行结果图:
本例引出的面向对象原则:
封装变化的部分(Encapsulate what varies).
本例中不同的人使用不同的交通工具,操作可能不尽相同,开车和骑摩托车肯定不一样,骑自行车和骑摩托车也不会一样,至少骑摩托车不用使劲去蹬,交通工具可能只适用用特定的人群,像我就不会开车。这部分是变化的,所以可以从类中抽取出来单独放到一个类中,注意这个类只封装了一一些操作,并不一定有成员变量。
优先选择组合而不是继承(Favor composition over inheritance)。
对于本例来说显然在work类中添加GoToWork的实现代码让子类使用是不合适的,因为不同的人到公司上班的方式是不一样的。在work中实现一个抽象类供子类override是不是可以呢?只能解决一部分问题,如果打算运行是改变行为呢?对于本例来说加入一天老板突然想骑自行车上班怎么办?
Boss boss = new Boss("someone");
boss.SetVehicle(new MiniBike());
boss.GoToWork();
这样就可以了,这也是定义中提到的“encapsulates each one and makes them interchangeable”的意义所在。
针对接口编程而不是实现(Program to interface not implementation)。
这个就很简单了,正因为在worker类中有 protected IVehicle _vehicle,才可以实现运行时改变对象行为,对于本例来说就是可以老板愿意他可以选择骑自行车(当然他得有自行车,^_^。)
代码下载:
StrategyDemo.zip



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