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ORM操作

ORM操作

基本查询:

 

book = BookInfo.objects.get(btitle='⻄游记')       #单⼀查询,如果结果不存在报错
book = BookInfo.objects.all(btitle='⻄游记')     #查询多个结果,有多少返回多少,不存在返回None
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle='⻄游记').count()  #查询结果的数量
book = BookInfo.objects.exclude(btitle='⻄游记')    #查询结果取反

 

模糊查询:

contains 是否包含

book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__contains='')   #查询结果包含‘记’
%记% 

 

startswith,endswith 以指定值开头或结尾

book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__startswith='')   #查询以‘⻄’开头的 ⻄%
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__endswith='')   #查询以‘记’结尾的 %记

空查询:

isnull  是否为空

range 相当于between...and...

book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__in = [1,5,13,24])    #查询id为1或5或13或24
book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__range = [10,20])    #查询范围为10-20的id

 

⽐较查询:

  gt      ⼤于

  gte     ⼤于等于

  lt      ⼩于

  lte     ⼩于等于

  exclude  不等于

book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__gt =10)  #查询id⼤于10的

book = BookInfo.object.exclude(id = 10) #查询id不等于的10的

F对象和Q对象

⽐较两个字段对象之间的关系⽤F对象。(F对象可以进⾏运算)

book = BookInfio.Object.filter(bread__gte=F('bcomment'))  #查询阅读量等
于评论量的对象
book = BookInfio.Object.filter(bread__gte=F('bcomment') * 2 )

 

 

与逻辑运算符连⽤使⽤Q对象。 或( | ) 与( & )  ⾮( ~ )

book = BookInfo.Object.filter(Q(bread__gte=20) | Q(pk__lt=3))  #查询阅读量为20或者id为3的对象

 

聚合函数

  使⽤aggregate()过滤器调⽤聚合函数。聚合函数包括:Avg 平均,Count 数量,Max 最⼤,Min 最⼩,Sum 求和

book = BookInfo.Object.aggregate(Sum('bread'))  #求阅读量的和

排序

  使⽤order_by对结果进⾏排序

book=BookInfo.object.all().order_by('bread')    #按阅读量的升序排列
book=BookInfo.object.all().order_by('-bread')    #按阅读量的降序排列

关联查询

  

    ⼀对多模型

    ⼀到多的访问语法:⼀对应的模型类对象.多对应的模型类名⼩写_set

 

b = BookInfo.object.filter(id = 1) 

b.heroinfo_set.all()      #查询book_id = 1的书⾥的所有英雄

  (⼀本书⾥有多个英雄,⼀个英雄只能存在⼀本书⾥。表关系为⼀对多,英雄表⾥外键关联书

  id,英雄表⾥的存放多个书id。英雄表为多,书表为⼀。)

 

  多到⼀的访问语法:多对应的模型类对象.多对应的模型类中的关系类属性名

h = HeroInfo.object.filter(id = 1)

h.hbook          #查询英雄id = 1的书是哪本。

  ⽅向查询除了可以使⽤模型类名_set,还有⼀种是在建⽴模型类的时候使⽤related_name来指定变量名。

hbook=model.ForeignKey(HeroInfo,on_delete=model.CACADE,null=Ture,related_name='heros')

b.herose.all()

多对多操作

  增加

class ManyToManyTest(APIView):
     def post(self, request):
     # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥添加数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象)
     # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=1).first()
     # studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
     # teacherobj.stu.add(studentobj)
     # return Response({
     # "status": 200
     # })
     #⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥添加数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象)
     teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all()
     studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
     studentobj.teacher_set.add(*teacherobj)
     return Response({
         "status": 200
      })

删除

class ManyToManyTest(APIView):
     def delete(self, request):
     # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥删除数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象)
     # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=1).first()
     # studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
     # teacherobj.stu.remove(studentobj)
     # return Response({
     # "status": 200
     # })
     #⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥删除数据,(多条,可迭代对象)
     teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all()
     studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
     studentobj.teacher_set.remove(*teacherobj)
     return Response({
     "status": 200
     })

修改

class ManyToManyTest(APIView):
     def put(self, request):
     # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥修改数据,参数只能是可迭代对象
     teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=3).first()
     studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2)
     teacherobj.stu.set(studentobj)
     return Response({
     "status": 200
     })
     #⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥修改数据,参数只能是可迭代对象
     # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all()
     # studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first()
     # studentobj.teacher_set.set(*teacherobj)
     # return Response({
     # "status": 200
     # })

查看

class ManyToManyTest(APIView):
     def get(self, request):
     # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥查数据
     # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.get(id=2)
     # data = teacherobj.stu.all()
     # data_list = []
     # for i in data:
     # data_dic={
     # "student_name":i.name,
     # "teacher_name":teacherobj.name
     # }
     # data_list.append(data_dic)
     # return Response(data_list)
     # ⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥查数据
     studentobj = models.Student.objects.get(id=2)
     data = studentobj.teacher_set.all()
     data_list = []
     for i in data:
     data_dic = {
     "student_name": studentobj.name,
     "teacher_name": i.name
     }
     data_list.append(data_dic)
     return Response(data_list)

 

posted @ 2020-11-24 19:51  发哥奇妙IT之旅  阅读(83)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报