单词都认识却读不懂句子？熟背这篇名词性从句金句，彻底告别‘语法睁眼瞎’！

复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句

1主语从句

在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句，位于句首主语的位置。

当主语从句位于句首时，引导从句的连接词一律不能省略，其谓语动词通常用单数

1) 连接词不充当句子成分

that/ whether/just because 其中that不能省略

That we are losing high-level scientists astonishes us.

我们正在失去高级科学家这一事实使我们感到惊讶。

That she won the game made a tremendous stir in our country.

她赢得比赛的消息在我国引起了巨大的轰动。

Whether on can succeed depends on how hard he works.

一个人能否成功取决于他有多努力

Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.

这是否会对我们有害或有益还有待观察

Just because he is over sixty doesn't mean he must retire.

仅仅因为他六十多岁了，并不意味着他必须退休

2) 连接代词

what/whatever /which/whichever/who/whom/whose/whoever/whomever 引导主语从句时，有其本身的词义，在从句中充当主语、宾语有些还可以充当表语或定语

不能省略

这些具有疑问含义的连接代词引导的从句必须用陈述句，不能倒装

What we need is more time.

我们需要的是更多时间

Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.

任何值得做的事都值得做好

which team will win the match is still unknown.

哪支球队会赢得比赛仍未可知

Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.

你们中无论谁先到都将获得奖品

Who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.

从未尝过苦涩的人，不懂甜蜜为何物

Whom we must serve is a question of vital importance.

我们所必须服务的对象是一个至关重要的问题

Whose fault is is quite clear now.

现在很清楚这是谁的错了

Whoever takes interest in the paper can ask for a copy.

任何对这篇论文感兴趣的人都可以索要一份副本

Whoever/whomever you invite will be welcome.

你邀请的任何人都将受到欢迎

what引导的名词性从句

1 关系代词 what = the thing that 意为所......的事情

2 疑问代词 意为 什么，什么样的

3) 连接副词

when/where/how/why等引导主语从句，连接副词在从句中做状语

他引导的从句用陈述句式，不能倒装

When she will be back depends on the weather.

她什么时候回来取决于天气

Where she has gone is a mystery.

她去了哪里仍是个谜

How the computer was invented is a long story.

计算机是如何被发明的，这是个漫长的故事

Why he did it remains a puzzle for ever.

他为什么这么做，这永远是个谜题

4) 形式主语it

从句做主语给人头重脚轻的感觉，因此，常用it做形式主语，把主语从句放到句末

It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句

It is strange that he knows nothing about it.

他居然对这件事一无所知，真是奇怪

It is uncertain whether he will come or not.

他是否会来还不确定

It + be + 名词 + 主语从句

It is a fact that many people are scared to fly.

事实上，很多人害怕坐飞机

It is a question when we shall have our sports meet.

我们何时举行运动会仍是个问题

It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句

It is predicted that in 10 years or so the roof will probably collapse.

据预测，大约10年后屋顶可能会坍塌

It is still unknown which team will win the match.

目前仍不清楚哪支球队会赢得比赛

It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句

It happened that I wasn't there that day.

那天我碰巧不在那里

It doesn't matter what other people think of me.

别人怎么看我没关系

It +及物动词 + 宾语 + 主语从句

It makes no difference whether you go or stay.

你去还是留都没有区别 (你去留与否无关紧要)

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.

我们开会的地点没有区别 (开会地点无关紧要)

It + be + 介词短语 + 主语从句

It is of great importance whether we can improve our research.

我们能否改进研究工作是非常重要的

It is of/goes without saying that health is above wealth.

健康胜过财富是不言而喻的 (健康比财富更重要是不言而喻的)

2 表语从句

在句子中位于系动词之后充当表语的从句称为表语从句.

连接词that/whether/as/as if

连接代词 who/whose/what/which

连接副词 when/where/how/why

1) 连接词在从句中不充当成分

连接词that/whether/as/as if

that引导表语从句，本身没有意义，主句系动词通常为be,口语可省略

whether/as 引导表语从句，主句系动词通常为be，不能用if代替whether

as if 引导表语从句，主句系动词常为look/feel/seem/taste

Chances are that man will eventually land on Mars.

很可能人类最终会登上火星

The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus this morning.

他迟到的原因是今天早上没赶上早班车

What he wants to know is whether he should start now.

他想知道的是他现在是否应该开始

The village people are not as they used to be.

村里的人不再像以前那样了

It looks as if it's going to rain.

看起来好像要下雨了

The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.

这肉尝起来好像已经变质了

2) 连接词在从句中充当成分

连接词who/whose/what/which引导表语从句在从句中充当成分

The questions is who can complete the difficult task.

问题是谁能完成这项艰巨的任务

What I want to know is whose mobile phone is stolen.

我想知道的是谁的手机被偷了

Things are not what they seem.

事情并非如表面所 (事情看起来不像那样)

The problem is which experiment we should do first.

问题是我们应该先做哪个实验

3) 连接词在从句中充当状语

连接词when/where/how/why引导表语从句，在从句中充当状语

What I want to know is when she'll be back.

我想知道的是她什么时候会回来

Probably this is why we put the meeting off.

可能这就是我们推迟会议的原因

4) 连接词because 表原因

用because引导的表语从句只有如下句型

This/That/It is because + 从句

I think it's because you are eating too much.

我想时因为你吃的太多。

Tom was late for work this morning. That is because he overslept.

汤姆今天早晨上班迟到了，那是因为他睡过头了。

5) 特殊that

主语时reason,表语从句用that引导，不用why或because

The reason I'm phoning you is that I want to invite you to a party.

我打电话给你的原因是我想邀请你参加聚会

One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that it appeals to many different people.

《哈姆雷特》是一部如此成功的戏剧的一个原因是它吸引了很多人

3 同位语从句

两个成分处于相同地位，起修饰作用的成分叫同位语

同位语是一种后置定语(特殊情况也可以前置)，是对与之同位的名词提供补充说明

1) 可充当同位语词

名词/代词/数词/名词词组作同位语

Mr. Wang, my child's teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. -名词

王老师，我孩子的老师，周二要来看我们

They both come from Beijing. -不定代词

他们俩都来自北京

You two went out to fetch water for us. -数词

你们俩出去给我们打水了

Do you know the life of George Washington, the first president of the USA? -名词词组

你知道美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿的生平吗？

不定代词each作主语同位语时，谓语动词要与主语保持一致

They each have got a dictionary.

他们每个人都有一本词典

We each have the same desires.

我们每个人都有相同的愿望

形容词作同位语

All the people,old and young, went out to watch the match.

老老少少所有人都出去看比赛了

All of us, Chinese and foreign, must obey the new law.

我们所有人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都必须遵守新法律

介词短语作同位语

The boy is standing there, under a big tree.

那个男孩站在那里，一棵大树下 (那个男孩站在一棵大树下)

David, just back from Paris, was made monitor of our class.

刚从巴黎回来的大卫被选为我们班的班长

不定式作同位语

To commit an error, to make a mistake, is unavoidable.

犯错，犯错误，都是不可避免的

动名词作同位语

Asking him to join us, that's a good idea.

邀请他加入我们，这是个好主意

The first plan, Attacking at night, was turned down.

第一个计划（夜间进攻）被否决了

My hobby,swimming, dates from my childhood.

我的爱好——游泳，始于童年时期

2) 表示同位关系的词语

表示等同关系

namely/that/that is (to say), in other words

You should consult an ophthalmologist , that is , an eye doctor.

你应该看眼科医生，也就是说，一位眼科医生

表示举例或列举

for example/such as/including

We visited several cities, for example , Rome and Paris.

我们参观了好几个城市，例如罗马和巴黎

表突出某点

especially/particularly/chiefly/mainly

She wanted to invite many friends, especially Jane and Betty.

她想邀请很多朋友，尤其是简和贝蒂

3) 抽象名词后常跟同位语从句

belief/evidence/conclusion/decision/suggestion/opinion/explanation/information/fact/hope/idea/view/news/possibility/problem

/promise/question/truth/wish

I have found the evidence that he was the criminal.

我已经找到了他是罪犯的证据

We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.

我们都知道地球绕太阳公转这一真理

4) 同位语从句常被分离

谓语提前

谓语较短，可将谓语提前，修饰主语的同位语从句被谓语分割

An idea occurred to him that he might do the experiment in another way.

他突然想到一个主意，或许可以用另一种方法做这个实验

Word came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.

有消息传来，我们中国女队击败了日本队

The fact remains that there is no filling station here.

事实仍然是，这里没有加油站

被定语分割

当同位语被后置定语修饰时，同位语从句被后置定语分割

I hear the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming.

我昨天从收音机里听到一则新闻，说台风即将来临

It's my personal opinion about health care that we have too many health plans but not enough doctors.

关于医疗保健，我个人认为我们的健康计划太多，但医生不够

4 宾语从句

连接词

连接词that/if/whether 引导宾语从句

He told me once again (that) the situation is serious.

他再次告诉我，情况很严重

I don't think he will come to tomorrow.

我认为他明天不会来

I asked her whether/if she had any rooms to let.

我问她是否有房间出租

动词agree/argue/assure/hold/indicate/maintain/inform/object/suggest后跟宾语从句时，that通常不省略

The scientist held that the drug was dangerous.

这位科学家认为这种药物很危险

They maintain that rules about dress are a limitation of personal freedom.

他们坚持认为，着装规定是对个人自由的限制

He objected that it was impossible.

他提出异议说这不可能 (他认为这不可能)

连接2个并列宾语从句时，连接第2个宾语从句that不可省略

He said he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand.

他说他不能马上告诉你，而且你也不会理解

I know you aren't a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor.

我知道你不是医生，而且你想让你的儿子成为一名医生

疑问代词

疑问代词who/whose/what/which引导宾语从句在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语

Do you know who that girl's father is? -who 作表语

你知道那个女孩的父亲是谁吗?

I asked him whose bag was stolen. -whose 作定语

我问他是谁的包被偷了

He is explaining what causes the change of seasons. - what 作主语

他正在解释是什么导致了季节的变化

I don't know which he likes best. - which 作宾语

我不知道他最喜欢哪一个

疑问副词

when/where/how/why

Can you tell me when he will come back?

你能告诉我他什么时候回来吗?

She was curious to know where we had been.

她很好奇我们之前去过哪里

I really don't know how he did it.

我真的不知道他是怎么做到的

Tell me why you didn't come to the meeting yesterday.

告诉我你昨天为什么没来参加会议

宾语从句作介词的宾语

介词后接whether/what/why/when/where/how等连词引导的宾语从句

Success or failure of the plan depends on whether you for it or against it.

计划的成功或失败取决于你是否支持它

Please talk more about what you can do to help.

请多谈谈你能做些什么来帮忙

Mary wrote an article on why they had failed to win the game.

玛丽写了一篇关于他们为何没能赢得比赛的文章

He usually goes to work by bike except when it rains.

他通常骑自行车上班，除了下雨的时候

We can see the Shanghai Tower from where we live.

从我们住的地方可以看到上海中心大厦

I was so impressed by how selfless she was.

她的无私让我印象深刻 (我对她的无私印象深刻)

介词后不接that引导的从句，但可以接the fact that接从句作宾语

He was responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor.

他对自己的狗咬了邻居这一事实负有责任

He refused to help me despite the fact that I asked him several times.

尽管我多次请求他，他还是拒绝帮我

what 引导描述事物的名词性从句，what=the thing that 翻译为 ...的东西/地方/状态

He felt a glow of pride in what she had accomplished.

他为她所取得的成就感到一阵自豪

A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.

一座现代化城市已在十年前的那片荒地上建成

在in that/except that/but that 后接从句，不应看成介词后跟that从句，应看成一个符合连词

形式宾语

谓语动词consider/find/make/regard/see/take/think等后接宾语+宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后

She has made it clear that she has nothing to do with him.

她已经明确表示，她和他是没有关系的

We consider it our business to settle the matter.

我们认为解决这件事是我们的职责 (我们认为处理此事是我们的分内之事)

I find it exciting working here.

我觉得在这里工作很带劲 (我觉得在这儿工作挺有意思的)