CentOS7 安装和配置 MySQL8

安装mysql8.0

1. 先卸载原有MariaDB 和 MySQL

# MariaDB的卸载
rpm -qa|grep mariadb //查看是否有
rpm -e --nodeps 文件名 //卸载(有则会出现一个 mariaBD-lib.........的文件)
rpm -qa|grep mariadb //确认是否卸载
# MySQL的卸载
rpm -qa|grep mysql //查看是否有(如果没有输出则不需要执行下面的)
systemctl stop mysqld //停止服务
rpm -e --nodeps mysql文件名 //卸载

2. 下载mysql资源包(https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/)

3. 上传到 /usr/local 目录下

4. 解压mysql的压缩包(/usr/local 目录下)

tar -Jxvf 文件名

5. 重命名mysql文件夹

mv 原文件名 mysql8

6. 导入临时环境变量(后面会教怎么配置环境变量)

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql8/bin

7. 测试是否成功安装

mysql --version

8. 配置用户组,用户(/usr/local 目录下)

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql8_data
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql8_data
chmod -R 750 /data/mysql8_data

9. 配置my.cnf文件(/usr/local/etc/ 目录下)

touch my.cnf
vim my.cnf
//写入以下数据
[mysql]
# 默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
port       = 3306
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port       = 3306
server-id  = 3306
user       = mysql
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock
# 安装目录
basedir    = /usr/local/mysql8
# 数据存放目录
datadir    = /data/mysql8_data/mysql
log-bin    = /data/mysql8_data/mysql/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir      =/data/mysql8_data/mysql
innodb_log_group_home_dir =/data/mysql8_data/mysql
# 日志及进程数据的存放目录
log-error =/data/mysql8_data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file  =/data/mysql8_data/mysql/mysql.pid
# 服务端字符集
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit =1
##### 以上涉及文件夹明，注意修改
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128
#query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
binlog_format=mixed
binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000
# 创建表时使用的默认存储引擎
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

10. 初始化(/usr/local/mysql8/bin 目录下)

mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8 --datadir=/data/mysql8_data/mysql --user=mysql --initialize-insecure
/usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/etc/my.cnf &

11. 测试登录

mysql -u root -p 回车 //默认无密码

12. 修改密码(进入数据库)

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

13. 配置系统环境变量(记得退出数据库)

Vim /etc/profile
//追加一行
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql8/bin 
source /etc/profile