Handler 机制对应的源码和解释
一个子线程收取消息的代码如下：
public void run() { mTid = Process.myTid(); Looper.prepare(); synchronized (this) { mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); notifyAll(); } Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority); onLooperPrepared(); Looper.loop(); mTid = -1; }
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Handler.java
在使用Message时，我们可以通过new Message()创建一个Message实例，但是Android更推荐我们通过Message.obtain()或者Handler.obtainMessage()获取Message对象。
本质上都是通过Message.obtain()来获得Message方法的。
package android.os;
class Handler { /** * Callback interface you can use when instantiating a Handler to avoid * having to implement your own subclass of Handler. * * @param msg A {@link android.os.Message Message} object * @return True if no further handling is desired */ public interface Callback { public boolean handleMessage(Message msg); } /** * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages. */ public void handleMessage(Message msg) { } public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what) { return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0); } public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) { Message msg = Message.obtain(); // good idea msg.what = what; return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis); } public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) { if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis); } private boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long l) { // TODO return false; }
/**
* Enqueue a message into the message queue after all pending messages
* before the absolute time (in milliseconds) <var>uptimeMillis</var>.
* <b>The time-base is {@link android.os.SystemClock#uptimeMillis}.</b>
* Time spent in deep sleep will add an additional delay to execution.
* You will receive it in {@link #handleMessage}, in the thread attached
* to this handler.
*
* @param uptimeMillis The absolute time at which the message should be
* delivered, using the
* {@link android.os.SystemClock#uptimeMillis} time-base.
*
* @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the
* message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the
* looper processing the message queue is exiting. Note that a
* result of true does not mean the message will be processed -- if
* the looper is quit before the delivery time of the message
* occurs then the message will be dropped.
*/
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);//Message进消息列表
}
public final Message obtainMessage() {
return Message.obtain(this);
}
public final Message obtainMessage(int what) {
return Message.obtain(this, what);
} }
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Message.java public class Message {
/**
* User-defined message code so that the recipient can identify
* what this message is about. Each {@link Handler} has its own name-space
* for message codes, so you do not need to worry about yours conflicting
* with other handlers.
*/
public int what;
/**
* arg1 and arg2 are lower-cost alternatives to using
* {@link #setData(Bundle) setData()} if you only need to store a
* few integer values.
*/
public int arg1;
/**
* arg1 and arg2 are lower-cost alternatives to using
* {@link #setData(Bundle) setData()} if you only need to store a
* few integer values.
*/
public int arg2;
/**
* An arbitrary object to send to the recipient. When using
* {@link Messenger} to send the message across processes this can only
* be non-null if it contains a Parcelable of a framework class (not one
* implemented by the application). For other data transfer use
* {@link #setData}.
*
* <p>Note that Parcelable objects here are not supported prior to
* the {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#FROYO} release.
*/
public Object obj;
/**
* Optional Messenger where replies to this message can be sent. The
* semantics of exactly how this is used are up to the sender and
* receiver.
*/
public Messenger replyTo;
/**
* Optional field indicating the uid that sent the message. This is
* only valid for messages posted by a {@link Messenger}; otherwise,
* it will be -1.
*/
public int sendingUid = -1;
/** If set message is in use.
* This flag is set when the message is enqueued and remains set while it
* is delivered and afterwards when it is recycled. The flag is only cleared
* when a new message is created or obtained since that is the only time that
* applications are allowed to modify the contents of the message.
*
* It is an error to attempt to enqueue or recycle a message that is already in use.
*/
/*package*/ static final int FLAG_IN_USE = 1 << 0;
/** If set message is asynchronous */
/*package*/ static final int FLAG_ASYNCHRONOUS = 1 << 1; //barrier的标记位,一般很少用
/** Flags to clear in the copyFrom method */
/*package*/ static final int FLAGS_TO_CLEAR_ON_COPY_FROM = FLAG_IN_USE;//clear in use flag
/*package*/ int flags; //一些重要的标记位，如该Message is in use
/*package*/ long when; //这个就是message什么时候该处理的时间
/*package*/ Bundle data;
/*package*/ Handler target; //每个消息都有个所属的Hander，否则发送的时候会发生运行时异常
/*package*/ Runnable callback;
// sometimes we store linked lists of these things
/*package*/ Message next; //下一个消息
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;//消息池里面最多50条消息 public Message() { } /** * Return a new Message instance from the global pool. Allows us to avoid * allocating new objects in many cases. */ public static Message obtain() { synchronized (sPoolSync) { if (sPool != null) { Message m = sPool; sPool = m.next; m.next = null; m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag sPoolSize--; return m; } } return new Message(); } /** * Same as {@link #obtain()}, but copies the values of an existing message * (including its target) into the new one. * * @param orig * Original message to copy. * @return A Message object from the global pool. */ public static Message obtain(Message orig) { Message m = obtain(); m.what = orig.what; m.arg1 = orig.arg1; m.arg2 = orig.arg2; m.obj = orig.obj; m.replyTo = orig.replyTo; m.sendingUid = orig.sendingUid; if (orig.data != null) { m.data = new Bundle(orig.data); } m.target = orig.target; m.callback = orig.callback; return m; } public static Message obtain(Handler h) { Message m = obtain(); m.target = h; return m; } public void sendToTarget() { target.sendMessage(this); }
/**
* Return a Message instance to the global pool.
* <p>
* You MUST NOT touch the Message after calling this function because it has
* effectively been freed. It is an error to recycle a message that is currently
* enqueued or that is in the process of being delivered to a Handler.
* </p>
*/
public void recycle() {
if (isInUse()) {
if (gCheckRecycle) {
throw new IllegalStateException("This message cannot be recycled because it "
+ "is still in use.");
}
return;
}
recycleUnchecked();
}
/**
* Recycles a Message that may be in-use.
* Used internally by the MessageQueue and Looper when disposing of queued Messages.
*/
void recycleUnchecked() {
// Mark the message as in use while it remains in the recycled object pool.
// Clear out all other details.
flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
what = 0;
arg1 = 0;
arg2 = 0;
obj = null;
replyTo = null;
sendingUid = -1;
when = 0;
target = null;
callback = null;
data = null;
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
next = sPool;
sPool = this;
sPoolSize++;
}
}
}
}
MessageQueue.java
class MessageQueue { // True if the message queue can be quit. private final boolean mQuitAllowed; @SuppressWarnings("unused") private long mPtr; // used by native code Message mMessages; //消息列表表头 private final ArrayList<IdleHandler> mIdleHandlers = new ArrayList<IdleHandler>();//可能需要处理的idleHandlers list private IdleHandler[] mPendingIdleHandlers; private boolean mQuitting; // Indicates whether next() is blocked waiting in pollOnce() with a non-zero timeout. private boolean mBlocked; //线程阻塞的情况： (消息链表为空||当前消息处理时间还没到点)&&(没有idleHander要处理) // The next barrier token. // Barriers are indicated by messages with a null target whose arg1 field carries the token. private int mNextBarrierToken;// Barrier会把整个消息列表堵住 Message next() { //这个函数是重点，might block // Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed. // This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit // which is not supported. final long ptr = mPtr; if (ptr == 0) { return null; } int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0; for (;;) { if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) { Binder.flushPendingCommands(); } nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis); //使用epoll机制来实现的 nextPollTimeoutMillis是poll的超时时间，超时则进入下一轮循环 synchronized (this) { // Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found. final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); Message prevMsg = null; Message msg = mMessages; if (msg != null && msg.target == null) { //通常不会走这里，这里是为barrier准备的 // Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue. do { prevMsg = msg; msg = msg.next; } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous()); } if (msg != null) { if (now < msg.when) { //当前的Message还没到点，暂时不会处理这个消息 // Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready. nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE); } else { // Got a message. 显然这里有到点的消息要处理 mBlocked = false; //把下一个消息给消息链表头，当前的消息返回去处理 if (prevMsg != null) { prevMsg.next = msg.next; } else { mMessages = msg.next; } msg.next = null; if (false) Log.v("MessageQueue", "Returning message: " + msg); return msg; } } else { // No more messages.消息链表为空的情况 nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1; } // Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled. if (mQuitting) { dispose(); return null; } //处理idleHandler(消息链表处理过程中可能会插入mIdleHandlers的一些事情) // If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run. // Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message // in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future. if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0 && (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) { pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size(); } if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) { // No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more. mBlocked = true; continue; } if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) { mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)]; } mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers); } // Run the idle handlers. // We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration. for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) { final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i]; mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler boolean keep = false; //如果返回true，则下次处理这个idleHandler时继续处理，否则从list中删除。 try { keep = idler.queueIdle(); } catch (Throwable t) { Log.wtf("MessageQueue", "IdleHandler threw exception", t); } if (!keep) { synchronized (this) { mIdleHandlers.remove(idler); } } } // Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again. pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0; // While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered // so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting. nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0; } } /** * Callback interface for discovering when a thread is going to block * waiting for more messages. */ public static interface IdleHandler { /** * Called when the message queue has run out of messages and will now * wait for more. Return true to keep your idle handler active, false * to have it removed. This may be called if there are still messages * pending in the queue, but they are all scheduled to be dispatched * after the current time. */ boolean queueIdle(); //（在线程空闲的时候做的一些事情，做什么事情？） } }
Looper:
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Looper.java // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare(). static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>(); private static Looper sMainLooper; // guarded by Looper.class final MessageQueue mQueue; final Thread mThread; //没有无参构造函数 private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mThread = Thread.currentThread(); } /** * Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an * application's main looper. The main looper for your application * is created by the Android environment, so you should never need * to call this function yourself. See also: {@link #prepare()} * 当一个进程开启时有个主线程，会自动调用这个函数来给主线程sMainLooper初始化。 * 但是子线程就不一定有Looper, 即使有也是需要我们自己去先prepare() */ public static void prepareMainLooper() { prepare(false); synchronized (Looper.class) { if (sMainLooper != null) { throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared."); } sMainLooper = myLooper(); } // If we are running a non USER build, we will initialize the // mLatencyLock if necessary. if (!"user".equals(Build.TYPE)) { if (!sLatencyEnabled) { sLatencySumFast = 0; sLatencyCountFast = 0; sLatencySumSlow = 0; sLatencyCountSlow = 0; sLatencyEnabled = true; } } } private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed)); } /** * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. */ public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } // mLatencyLock is only initialized for non USER builds // (e.g., USERDEBUG and ENG) //As to User versions, LatencyEnabled = false; if ((!sLatencyEnabled) || (me != sMainLooper)) { msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); //这里用handler.dispatchMessage回调我们重写的handleMessage() } else { //......... } if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } msg.recycleUnchecked(); } }
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