Op.1英汉翻译 No.1期中考试常规总结 91/100
Contents
学习师兄每次考完都记录考题。这个合集不知道是写给谁看的，我写了复习的时候真看吗？最近把 Moments 关了，所以就在这里写吧。
Part I
Essay Question (30 points)
Instructions: In this part, you are supposed to chocse ONE from the following two topics to elaborate on either in English or in Chinese. You should write the topic number before you answer the questions.
1 英译汉和汉译英中使用的翻译技巧
略
2 笔译和口译的异同
略
Part Il Engish-Chinese Translation
Start-up companies are hard-pressed in a wide range of areas, from securing funds and building a strong team to developing a quality product and establishing a market presence.
Founders often rely on their personal savings or support from friends and family. However, this is usually insufficient to cover the costs. Many start-ups fail to secure the necessary capital to sustain their operations. Without sufficient funding, a promising idea can quickly phase out.
Additionally, start-ups need to ensure that team members have competence and can work well together in a fast-paced and often uncertain environment. Competence and teamwork spirit matter, for in translating ideas into practical actions, sometimes you have to leave your team to its own devices. Start-ups, which often have limited resources and time to perfect their products, also face the risk of developing a product that no one wants or that is already offered by competitors. Balancing innovation with practicality and market needs is a delicate task.
The difficulty of market entry is important not least because building a brand takes time and effort, and start-ups need to differentiate themselves from competitors and tailor their marketing accordingly.
Rising up to challenges, weather the storm. By that time you will understand the meaning that the journey of a start-up is a testament to innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship.
参考译文
初创公司在众多领域都面临着巨大压力，从筹集资金、组建强大团队，到开发优质产品以及建立市场地位，无一不是挑战重重。
创始人常常依赖个人积蓄或亲朋好友的支持来维持公司运营。然而，这些资金往往不足以覆盖成本。许多初创公司因无法获得足够的资金来维持运营而失败。没有足够的资金，再有前景的想法也可能迅速夭折。
此外，初创公司需要确保团队成员具备胜任力，并且能够在快节奏且充满不确定性的环境中协同合作。胜任力和团队精神至关重要，因为在将想法转化为实际行动时，有时你不得不放手让团队自行其是。
初创公司往往资源有限、时间紧迫，难以完善产品。还面临着开发出无人需要或已被竞争对手提供的产品的风险。在创新与实用性、市场需求之间找到平衡是一项微妙的工作。
进入市场的难度同样不容小觑，尤其因为打造品牌需要时间和精力。初创公司需要从竞争对手中脱颖而出，并相应地调整营销策略。迎难而上，渡过风暴。届时，你会明白，初创公司的旅程是对创新、创造力和企业家精神的力证。
自注
weather the storm 意义为渡过难关。（和wither 是同源词）
Notes
- hard-pressed 压力山大
- translate sth into action 将某种想法或计划付诸行动
- leave…… to one's devices 自行其是
- not least 尤其
- entrepreneurship 胜任力
Part Ill Chinese-English Translation
元朝末年，朝廷变得腐败无能（A）。许多读书人都坚信蒙古人已失掉了天命，不再能统治天下了（B）。然而他们当中谁曾料到，天命会落在朱元璋这样一位终生几乎目不识丁的人头上（C）。明太祖朱元璋出身极其微贱（D）。他的父母是贫苦的农民，因遭饥荒而背井离乡（E）。为了不至于全家都饿死，他们把儿子卖给进了寺庙（F）。朱元璋做了几年小和尚，然后就跑掉当了土匪（G）。在当时天下大乱，反叛四起的情况下，他这么做倒是顺理成章（H）。
参考译文
A. B.
(1) In the final years of the Yuan dynasty, the imperial government had become corrupt and incompetent.
Many scholars firmly believed that the Mongols had lost the Mandate of Heaven to rule the country.
(2) Toward the end of the Yuan dynasty, the imperial court had become so corrupt and incompetent that many scholars were convinced that the Mongols had lost the mandate of heaven to rule the empire.
C.
(1) Yet none of them expected that the Mandate of Heaven would be passed onto Zhu Yuanzhang, who remained virtually illiterate all his life.
(2) But none of them expected Heaven's next choice to fall upon Zhu Yuanzhang, who remained virtually illiterate all his life.
D.
(1) Zhu, the would-be emperor or Taizu of Ming, was a man of teh most humble origin.
(2) Known by his posthumous title Taizu of Ming, Zhu was a man of teh most obscure origin.
E. F.
(1) His parents were poor peasants. Forced to leave their homeland because of famine, they sold their son into a Buddhist monastery to save both his life and their own.
(2) His parents were poor peasants. Driven from the homeland by famine, they sold him into a Buddhist monastery to save save the family from the starvation.
G.
After a few years as a novice monk, Zhu ran away and became a bandit.
H.
(1) This was a logical step for him to take, considering the great confusion of the age, with revolts breaking out everywhere.
(2) It was logical for him to do so amid the great chaos of the time, with rebellions breaking out on all sides.
Notes
- incompetent 不能勝任的
- Mandate of Heaven / heavenly destiny（？） 天命
- scholar 读过书的人
- be passed on /fall on /befall 降临
- illiterate 文盲
- founding emperor 太祖
- was born humble 出身微贱
- countryman 乡下人
- famine 饥荒
- novice 新手
- minor 小的 未成年的（法律术语）
自注
- 腐败 corrupt/ rotten
- 读书人 scholar
- 读写能力 literacy
- 目不识丁 illiterate/ not know one’s ABC / can’t read
- 出身卑贱 inferior birth
- 低级的，下层社会的 lowclass
- 饥荒 famine
- 和尚 monk
- 土匪 bandit
- 叛乱 rebellion
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