PHP可回调类型

一些函数如usort和call_user_func()可以作为用户自对应函数做为回调参数,回调函数不止是简单的函数,还可以是对象的方法(类方法),包括静态方法。

用户自定义函数作为回调函数的参数,PHP将函数以string形式传递的。可以使用任何内置或者用户自定义函数,除了PHP的语言结构如:array(), echo, empty(), eval(), exit(), isset(), list(), print或者unset()。

1,用usort()函数传递用户自定义函数对美国日期进行排序:

 1 <?php
 2 /*
 3     用usort()函数对美国日期进行排序;
 4 */
 5 
 6 #定义日期,美国格式,是月日年,一般的格式是日月年或者年月日;现在要将它排序为以年月日的格式从大到小或者从小到大排序
 7 $dates = array('10-10-2011', '2-17-2010', '2-16-2011', '1-01-2013', '10-10-2012');
 8 
 9 #使用sort()函数对日期进行从小到大排序
10 echo "<p>Sorting the \$dates using the function sort().</p>";
11 sort($dates);
12 print_r($dates); #打印输出:Array ( [0] => 1-01-2013 [1] => 10-10-2011 [2] => 10-10-2012 [3] => 2-16-2011 [4] => 2-17-2010 )
13 
14 #使用natsort()函数对人类认为的自然排序;
15 echo "<p>Sorting the \$dates using the function natsort().</p>";
16 natsort($dates);
17 print_r($dates); #打印输出:Array ( [0] => 1-01-2013 [3] => 2-16-2011 [4] => 2-17-2010 [1] => 10-10-2011 [2] => 10-10-2012 )
18 
19 #前两种都不符合预期,试用usort()函数对$dates进行排序;
20 function sortDate($a,$b){
21     if ($a == $b){
22         return 0;
23     }else{
24         #将日期进行分割,对应的月日年分别赋值给对应的month,day,year。
25         list($amonth, $aday, $ayear) = explode("-", $a);
26         list($bmonth, $bday, $byear) = explode("-", $b);
27 
28         #调用str_pad()函数对月份字符串进行填充。如果月份有两位则不填充,如果不够两位就在其左侧填充0;
29         $amonth = str_pad($amonth, 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
30         $bmonth = str_pad($bmonth, 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
31 
32         #调用str_pad()函数对日期的字符串进行填充。如果日期有两位数则不填充,如果不够两位就在其左侧填充0;
33         $aday = str_pad($aday, 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
34         $bday = str_pad($bday, 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
35 
36         #由于年份是四位,就不需要进行填充了,练手的话可以写一下
37         #ayear = str_pad($ayear, 4, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
38         #byear = str_pad($byear, 4, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
39 
40         #对日期进行重组,按年月日的人类习惯进行重组
41         $a = $ayear . $amonth . $aday;
42         $b = $byear . $bmonth . $bday;
43 
44         #返回值进行比较
45         return ($a > $b) ? 1: -1; //升序排序
46         #return ($a < $b) ? 1 : -1; //降序排列
47     }
48 }
49 
50 echo "<p>Sorting the \$dates using the function usort().</p>";
51 usort($dates, "sortDate"); #函数回调,usort()函数回调自定义函数sortDate(),以字符串的形式作为参数传递到usort()。
52 print_r($dates); #打印输出:Array ( [0] => 2-17-2010 [1] => 2-16-2011 [2] => 10-10-2011 [3] => 10-10-2012 [4] => 1-01-2013 )
53 ?>

2,call_user_func()调用自定义函数:

1 <?php
2 #定义函数
3 function myCallBackFunction(){
4     echo "Hello, I am a PHPer!";
5 }
6 //将自定义函数myCallBackFunction以字符串的形式作为值传递给回调函数call_user_func();
7 call_user_func('myCallBackFunction'); #输出Hello, I am a PHPer!
8 ?>

回到函数类与对象的应用:

  一个已被实例化的object的方法被作为array传递,下表0包含该object,下表1包含方法名。在同一个类里可以访问protected和private方法。

1,简单调用:

 1 <?php
 2 class myClass{
 3     static function myCallBackMethod(){
 4         echo "Hello, I am PHPer.\n";
 5     }
 6     public function anotherCallBackMethod(){
 7         echo "Trump is a bad guy. His brain owned shit.";
 8     }
 9     protected function protectedMethod(){
10         echo "Secret garden 1.";
11     }
12     private function privateMethod(){
13         echo "Secret garden 2.";
14     }
15 }
16 
17 $newclass = new myClass(); #实例化类得到一个$newclass对象
18 //调用静态方法
19 #对象myClass作为数组下标0以及类方法myCallBackMethod作为数组下标1,并且整体作为实参传递给回调函数call_user_func()
20 call_user_func(array('myClass', 'myCallBackMethod')); #输出:Hello, I am PHPer.
21 
22 #实例化的对象$newclass作为数组下标0以及类方法myCallBackMethod作为数组下标1,并且整体作为实参传递给回调函数call_user_func()
23 call_user_func(array($newclass, 'myCallBackMethod')); #输出:Hello, I am PHPer.
24 
25 #也可以这样调用
26 call_user_func("myClass::myCallBackMethod"); #::是调用静态方法的
27 
28 #调用常规方法
29 call_user_func(array('myClass', 'anotherCallBackMethod')); #会报错,但是输出:Trump is a bad guy. His brain owned shit.
30 call_user_func(array($newclass, 'anotherCallBackMethod')); #输出:Trump is a bad guy. His brain owned shit.
31 call_user_func('myClass::anotherCallBackMethod'); #::是调用静态方法的,不过这样子调用好像只会出现一个:Strict standards的错误。输出:Trump is a bad guy. His brain owned shit.
32 
33 #调用私有方法和受保护的方法报错;
34 call_user_func(array($newclass, 'protectedMethod')); #不能访问,cannot access protected method
35 call_user_func(array($newclass, 'privateMethod')); #不能访问:cannot access private method
36 ?>

2,父子调用:

 1 <?php
 2 /*
 3     call_user_func()的父子调用
 4 */
 5 //定义父类A
 6 class A {
 7     public static function whoa(){
 8         echo "I am A\n";
 9     }
10     public function anotherMethodForCall(){
11         echo "Trump is a bad guy, his brain owned wholly shit.";
12     }
13     protected function MethodProtected(){
14         echo "Secret Garden.";
15     }
16     private function MethodPrivate(){
17         echo "Another secret Garden.";
18     }
19 }
20 
21 #定义类B并且继承父类A
22 class B extends A {
23     public static function whob(){
24         echo "I am B\n";
25     }
26 }
27 $newa = new A();
28 $newb = new B(); #实例化子类B,得到对象$newb
29 
30 //调用静态方法
31 call_user_func(array('B', 'whob')); #输出I am B;
32 call_user_func(array($newb, 'whob')); #输出I am B;
33 call_user_func(array('B','parent::whoa')); #调用类B的父类方法whoa,输出I am A;
34 
35 //调用常规方法
36 call_user_func(array('A', 'anotherMethodForCall')); #报错但是依旧输出:Trump is a bad guy, his brain owned wholly shit.
37 call_user_func(array($newa, 'anotherMethodForCall')); #不报错输出:Trump is a bad guy, his brain owned wholly shit.Hello, PHP
38 call_user_func(array('B', 'anotherMethodForCall')); #报错输出:Trump is a bad guy, his brain owned wholly shit.
39 call_user_func(array($newb, 'anotherMethodForCall')); #不报错输出Trump is a bad guy, his brain owned wholly shit
40 
41 call_user_func(array('B', 'parent::anotherMethodForCall')); #报错输出:Trump is a bad guy, his brain owned wholly shit.
42 call_user_func(array($newb, 'parent::anotherMethodForCall')); #不报错输出:Trump is a bad guy, his brain owned wholly shit.
43 
44 call_user_func(array($newb, 'parent::MethodProtected')); #报错 cannot access protected method
45 call_user_func(array($newb, 'parent::MethodPrivate'));  #报错cannot access private method A
46 #先记下,以后再说
47 class C {
48     public function __invoke($name){
49         echo "Hello, " .$name. "\n";
50     }
51 }
52 $classc = new C();
53 call_user_func($classc, 'PHP'); #输出:Hello, PHP
54 ?>

 array_map()回调函数:

 1 <?php
 2 /*
 3     php使用closure的实例
 4 */
 5 #定义函数并赋值给$double
 6 $double = function($a){
 7     return $a * 2;
 8 }; #如果像这样写,那么大括号的冒号是必须的;
 9 
10 $numbers = range(1,5); #数字数组1,5赋值给$numbers;
11 
12 #调用array_map()函数将用户自定义函数作用到数组中的每个值上,并返回用户自定义函数作用后的带有新值的数组,回调函数接收的参数数目应该和传递给array_map()函数的数组数目一致;
13 $new_numbers = array_map($double, $numbers);
14 
15 #调用implode()函数将数组元素进行分割,返回由数组元素组合成的字符串;并依次输出.
16 print implode('-', $new_numbers); #输出:2-4-6-8-10
17 
18 //-----------------是不是也可以这样写-----------//
19 #定义函数myFunction
20 function myFunction($a){
21     return $a * 2;
22 } #大括号后面可以不需要冒号;
23 
24 $numbers = range(1,5);
25 $new_numbers = array_map('myFunction', $numbers);
26 
27 print implode("+",$new_numbers); #输出2+4+6+8+10
28 ?>

 

posted @ 2020-08-17 15:36  、一叶孤城  阅读(197)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报