RabbitMQ进阶
MQ进阶: 1.springboot整合rabbitMQ: 为了方便,这里只是模拟使用场景,所以不创建多个系统了,自己给自己发消息; 1.创建工程it-springboot-rabbitmq,添加依赖: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.it</groupId> <artifactId>it-springboot-rabbitmq</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!--父工程--> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <repositories> <repository> <id>alimaven</id> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project> 2.配置文件application.yml(实际使用过程中,生产者端和消费者端都要配置连接信息): spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 virtual-host: /lyle username: lyle password: lyle application: name: springboot-rabbitmq 3.创建启动类,并在启动类中利用注解@Bean注册队列,注册交换机,将队列绑定到交换机 package it.com; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; /** * ToDo * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/5 */ @SpringBootApplication public class RabbitMQApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RabbitMQApplication.class,args); } /** * 发送消息选择通配符模式 */ //创建队列,指定队列名称 @Bean public Queue createQueue(){ return new Queue("topic_springboot_queue"); } //创建交换机,指定交换机名称 @Bean public TopicExchange createExchange(){ return new TopicExchange("topic_springboot_exchange"); } //将队列绑定到交换机 @Bean public Binding createBinding(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(createQueue()).to(createExchange()).with("item.*"); } } 4.创建类,使用RabbitTemplate发送消息: package it.com; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; /** * ToDo * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/5 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class RabbitMQTest { //用于发送MQ消息 @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void testCreateMessage(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic_springboot_exchange", "item.insert", "商品新增，routing key 为item.insert"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic_springboot_exchange", "item.update", "商品修改，routing key 为item.update"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic_springboot_exchange", "item.delete", "商品删除，routing key 为item.delete"); try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 5.创建类并交给spring管理,监听并处理消息 注解:@RabbitListener(queues = "topic_springboot_queue"),用在类上,指定要监听的队列 注解:@RabbitHandler,用在方法上,该注解可以根据不同的参数类型,调用响应的方法处理消息. package it.com.listener; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * ToDo * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/5 */ @Component @RabbitListener(queues = "topic_springboot_queue") public class MyMessageListener { /** * 接收并处理消息 * @param msg */ @RabbitHandler public void receiveMessage(String msg){ System.out.println("message:"+msg); } } 2.rabbitMQ高级特性: 生产者可靠性消息投递: confirm模式:生产者发送消息到交换机的处理模式; 只确认消息是否有到达交换机,至于消息是否从交换机到达队列,不管; return:生产者发送的消息已经到了交换机,确认消息是否从交换机到达对列; confirm机制演示: 1.创建工程,导入依赖: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.it</groupId> <artifactId>it-springboot-rabbitMQ-day02</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!--父工程--> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> 2.创建配置文件,配置连接信息,并配置开启confirm机制: spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 virtual-host: /lyle username: lyle password: lyle #开启confirm机制 publisher-confirms: true application: name: springboot-rabbitmq 3.创建启动类,并在启动类中注册队列,注册交换机,将队列绑定到交换机 package com.it; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; /** * ToDo * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/5 */ @SpringBootApplication public class RabbitmqApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqApplication.class,args); } //创建队列,指定交换机名称 @Bean public Queue createQueue(){ return new Queue("queue_demo01"); } //创建交换机,指定交换机名称 @Bean public DirectExchange createExchange(){ return new DirectExchange("exchange_direct_demo01"); } //创建绑定,将队列绑定到交换机 @Bean public Binding createBinding(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(createQueue()).to(createExchange()).with("item.insert"); } } 4.创建类交给spring管理,该类实现RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback,重写接口方法用于处理回调逻辑 package com.it.confirm; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * ConfirmCallback,该接口用于confirm机制中的回调 * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/6 */ @Component public class MyConfirmCallback implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback { /** * * @param correlationData:数据信息 * @param b:标记交换机是否已经收到消息,true则表示收到消息 * @param cause:错误日志,发送成功则为null */ @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String cause) { //处理回调逻辑 if (b){ //值为true,消息发送成功 System.out.println("消息发送成功..."); }else { //消息发送失败,并打印错误信息 System.out.println("消息发送失败.."+cause); //消息失败后的处理逻辑 } } } 5.创建Controller类,注入RabbitTemplate,在浏览器中发送请求,模拟发送消息到交换机; 注入RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback接口的实现类,并在发送消息前设置回调函数; 发送消息会自动调用回调函数进行处理; package com.it.controller; import com.it.confirm.MyConfirmCallback; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * ToDo * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/5 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/test") public class TestController { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Autowired private MyConfirmCallback myConfirmCallback; @RequestMapping("/send1") public String send1(){ System.out.println("更新了数据...."); //在发送消息前设置回调函数:myConfirmCallback rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(myConfirmCallback); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange_direct_demo01","item.insert","hello insert..."); return "ok"; } } return 机制的演示: 1.在配置文件中配置开启return机制: spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 virtual-host: /lyle username: lyle password: lyle #开启confirm机制 publisher-confirms: true # 开启return机制 publisher-returns: true application: name: springboot-rabbitmq 2.创建类交给spring管理,该类实现接口RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback,重写接口方法用于处理回调逻辑: package com.it.returncall; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback:该接口用于处理交换机路由消息到队列的异常处理 * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/6 */ @Component public class MyReturnCallback implements RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback { /** * * @param message:消息本身 * @param replyCode:错误码 * @param replyText:错误信息 * @param exchange:发生错误的交换机 * @param routingkey:发生错误时的routingkey */ @Override public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingkey) { //出现错误后,处理相关回滚业务 System.out.println("消息本身:"+new String(message.getBody())); System.out.println("错误码:"+replyCode); System.out.println("错误信息:"+replyText); System.out.println("交换机:"+exchange); System.out.println("routingkey:"+routingkey); //回滚数据 System.out.println("回滚了数据..."); } } 3.模拟发送消息,在发送消息前设置回调函数: @RequestMapping("/send2") public String send2(){ System.out.println("更新了数据...."); //在发送消息前设置回调函数:myReturnCallback //写错routingkey,交换机路由消息到对列会出错,会执行回调函数 rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(myReturnCallback); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange_direct_demo01","item.insert1234","hello insert..."); return "ok"; } 消费者ACK确认机制: 自动确认:acknowledge="none",默认的机制 手动确认:acknowledge="manual" 根据异常情况来确认:acknowledge="auto" 手动确认机制: 手动签收策略: 确认收到; 拒绝签收,并丢弃/或者重回队列; .....可以批量 拒绝签收,并丢弃/或者重回队列; .....不能批量处理 1.在配置文件中配置ACK确认机制为手动模式: spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 virtual-host: /lyle username: lyle password: lyle #开启confirm机制 publisher-confirms: true # 开启return机制 publisher-returns: true # 配置ACK确认机制为手动模式: listener: direct: acknowledge-mode: manual application: name: springboot-rabbitmq 2.编写类和方法进行手动签收确认/或者拒绝签收 package com.it.listener; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * ToDo * * @author Lyle * @date 2020/4/6 */ @Component @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_demo01") public class MyMessageListener { @RabbitHandler public void receiveMessage(Message message, String msg, Channel channel){ //接收到了消息 System.out.println("message:"+msg); try { //处理业务 System.out.println("哈哈哈收到了1000块"); //int i=1/0; //业务处理完成,手动签收 /** *参数2:是否批量处理 */ channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);//确认签收,不批量处理 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); try { /** * //出现异常,拒绝签收 ,直接丢弃 * 参数2: 是否批量 * 参数3:是否重回队列 * 若是出错后,选择重回队列,该消息会在队列的最前面,重新被消费,这样会陷入死循环 */ //channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false); channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,true); } catch (Exception e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } } } 消费端限流设置: 在配置文件中进行配置prefetch的值,默认值为250: listener: simple: # 配置ACK确认机制为手动模式: acknowledge-mode: manual # 设置每一个消费端可以处理未确认的消息的最大数量 prefetch: 2 TTL:全称 Time To Live（指消息的存活时间/过期时间） 当消息到达存活时间后，还没有被消费，会被自动清除。 RabbitMQ设置过期时间有两种： - 针对某一个队列设置过期时间 ；队列中的所有消息在过期时间到之后，如果没有被消费则被全部清除 - 针对某一个特定的消息设置过期时间；队列中的消息设置过期时间之后，如果这个消息没有被消费则被清除。 需要指出的是,针对特定消息设置时间,是指从这个消息在队列头部开始计时. TTL演示: 创建配置类,配置队列/交换机,绑定的信息,指定消息过期时间 package com.it.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class TtlConfig { //创建过期队列 @Bean public Queue createqueuettl1(){ //设置队列过期时间为10000 10S钟 return QueueBuilder.durable("queue_demo02").withArgument("x-message-ttl",10000).build(); } //创建交换机 @Bean public DirectExchange createExchangettl(){ return new DirectExchange("exchange_direct_demo02"); } //创建绑定 @Bean public Binding createBindingttl(){ return BindingBuilder.bind(createqueuettl1()).to(createExchangettl()).with("item.ttl"); } } 模拟发送消息,10秒后,队列中的消息会自动清除: @RequestMapping("/send3") public String send3() { //设置回调函数 //发送消息 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange_direct_demo02", "item.ttl", "hello ttl哈哈"); return "ok"; }
死信队列:
死信队列原理图:
成为死信的三种条件:
队列消息长度到达限制；
消费者拒接消费消息,并且该消息没有重回队列;
原队列存在消息过期设置，消息到达超时时间未被消费；
延迟队列:
延迟队列原理图:
延迟队列的典型应用场景:
典型的案例：下订单之后，30分钟如果还未支付则，取消订单回滚库存。
