实验五 继承和多态

Task 4:

• pets.hpp

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

//机器宠物（+猫、狗）定义
class MachinePets {
public:
    MachinePets(const string s);
    string get_nickname() const;
    virtual string talk() = 0;//纯虚函数！
private:
    string nickname;
};

class PetCats :public MachinePets {
public:
    PetCats(const string s);
    string talk();
};

class PetDogs :public MachinePets {
public:
    PetDogs(const string s);
    string talk();
};

//实现
MachinePets::MachinePets(const string s) :nickname{ s } {}
string MachinePets::get_nickname() const { return nickname; }
PetCats::PetCats(const string s) :MachinePets(s) {}
string PetCats::talk() { return "Miao wu~"; }
PetDogs::PetDogs(const string s) :MachinePets(s) {}
string PetDogs::talk() { return "Wang wang~"; }

//多态：虚函数，当指针指向基类对象时，就做基类的事，使用基类的成员，当指针指向派生类对象时，就使用派生类的成员。
//继承：虚基类，钻石结构。
//        虚函数、纯虚函数（ = 0）
//        派生类的构造函数

• task4.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "pets.hpp"

void play(MachinePets& obj) {
    std::cout << obj.get_nickname() << " says " << obj.talk() << std::endl;
}

void test() {
    PetCats cat("miku");
    PetDogs dog("da huang");

    play(cat);
    play(dog);
}

int main() {
    test();
}

• 运行结果：

 

 

Task 5:

• Person.hpp

 

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

class Person {
public:
    Person(){}
    Person(const string n, const string t, const string e = "");
    Person(const Person& p1);
    ~Person() = default;
    void update_telephone();
    void update_email();
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Person p);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Person& p);
    friend bool operator==(Person p1, Person p2);

    string name;
    string telephone;
    string email;
};    
Person::Person(const string n, const string t, const string e ) :name{ n }, email{ e },telephone { t } {}
Person::Person(const Person& p1) :name{ p1.name }, email{ p1.email }, telephone{ p1.telephone } {}
void Person::update_telephone() {
    cin.clear();
    cin.sync();
    cout << "Enter the telephone number: ";
    string new_tele;
    cin >> new_tele;
    telephone = new_tele;
    cout << "telephone number has been updated...\n";
}
void Person::update_email() {
    cin.clear();
    cin.sync();
    cout << "Enter the email address: ";
    string new_email;
    cin >> new_email;
    email = new_email;
    cout << "email address has been updated...\n";
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Person p) {
    out << left << setw(16) << p.name
        << setw(16) << p.telephone
        << p.email;
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Person& p) {
    if (in.peek() == '\n')
        in.ignore(); 
        //in.clear(); in.sync();
    getline(in, p.name);
    getline(in, p.telephone);
    getline(in, p.email);
    return in;
}
bool operator==(Person p1, Person p2) {
    return (p1.name == p2.name) && ( p1.telephone == p2.telephone);
}

//getline()重载函数有输入流的成员函数和string类的函数，函数的形参也不同

 

• task5.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<vector>
#include<vector>
#include"Person.hpp"

void test() {
    using namespace std;
    vector<Person> phone_book;
    Person p;

    cout << "Enter person's contact until press ctrl + Z" << endl;
    while (cin >> p)
        phone_book.push_back(p);

    cout << "\nupdate someone's contact: \n";
    phone_book.at(0).update_telephone();
    phone_book.at(0).update_email();

    cout << "\ndisplay all contacts' info\n";
    for (auto phone : phone_book)//要不要引用？
        cout << phone << endl;

    cout << "\ntest whether the same contact\n";
    cout << boolalpha << (phone_book.at(0) == phone_book.at(1)) << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

 

• 运行结果

 

 

 

Task 6:

• container.h

//=======================
//        container.h
//=======================

// The so-called inventory of a player in RPG games
// contains two items, heal and magic waterRPG游戏中玩家的所谓库存包含两个物品，治疗和魔法水

#ifndef _CONTAINER        // Conditional compilation 条件编译，避免声明冲突
#define _CONTAINER

class container        // Inventory 库
{
protected:
    int numOfHeal;            // number of heal 治疗包数量
    int numOfMW;            // number of magic water 药水数量
public:
    container();            // constuctor 构造
    void set(int heal_n, int mw_n);    // set the items numbers 设置库存数量
    int nOfHeal();            // get the number of heal 获得数量
    int nOfMW();            // get the number of magic water 获得数量
    void display();            // display the items; 展示物品
    bool useHeal();            // use heal 使用治疗包
    bool useMW();            // use magic water 使用药水
};

#endif

 

• container.cpp

//=======================
//        container.cpp
//=======================
#include"container.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// default constructor initialise the inventory as empty
container::container()
{
    set(0, 0);
}

// set the item numbers
void container::set(int heal_n, int mw_n)
{
    numOfHeal = heal_n;
    numOfMW = mw_n;
}

// get the number of heal
int container::nOfHeal()
{
    return numOfHeal;
}

// get the number of magic water
int container::nOfMW()
{
    return numOfMW;
}

// display the items;
void container::display()
{
    cout << "Your bag contains: " << endl;
    cout << "Heal(HP+100): " << numOfHeal << endl;
    cout << "Magic Water (MP+80): " << numOfMW << endl;
}

//use heal
bool container::useHeal()
{
    numOfHeal--;
        return 1;        // use heal successfully
}

//use magic water
bool container::useMW()
{
    numOfMW--;
    return 1;        // use magic water successfully
}

 

• player.h

//=======================
//        player.h
//=======================

// The base class of player玩家的基类
// including the general properties and methods related to a character角色的常规属性和方法操作

#ifndef _PLAYER
#define _PLAYER

#include <iomanip>        // use for setting field width
#include <time.h>        // use for generating random factor生成随机因子
#include "container.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

enum job { sw, ar, mg };    /* define 3 jobs by enumerate type
                               sword man刺客, archer射手, mage法师 */
class player
{
    friend void showinfo(player& p1, player& p2);
    friend class swordsman;

protected:
    int HP, HPmax, MP, MPmax, AP, DP, speed, EXP, LV;
    // General properties of all characters
    string name;    // character name
    job role;        /* character's job, one of swordman, archer and mage,
                       as defined by the enumerate type */
    container bag;    // character's inventory 库

public:
    virtual bool attack(player& p) = 0;    // normal attack
    virtual bool specialatt(player& p) = 0;    //special attack
    virtual void isLevelUp() = 0;            // level up judgement
    /* Attention!
    These three methods are called "Pure virtual functions".
    They have only declaration, but no definition.
    The class with pure virtual functions are called "Abstract class", which can only be used to inherited, but not to constructor objects.
    The detailed definition of these pure virtual functions will be given in subclasses.这三种方法称为“纯虚函数”。
    他们只有声明，但没有定义。
    具有纯虚函数的类称为“抽象类”，它只能用于继承对象，而不能用于构造函数对象。
    这些纯虚函数的详细定义将在子类中给出 */

    void reFill();        // character's HP生命值 and MP（蓝条？。） resume恢复
    bool death();        // report whether character is dead 通报死亡
    void isDead();        // check whether character is dead 检查是否死亡
    bool useHeal();        // consume heal, irrelevant to job 使用治疗血包？（与位置无关）
    bool useMW();        // consume magic water, irrelevant to job 使用治疗？
    void transfer(player& p);    // possess opponent's items after victory 胜利后拥有对方的物品
    void showRole();    // display character's job 展示角色职位

private:
    bool playerdeath;            // whether character is dead, doesn't need to be accessed or inherited 无论角色是否死亡，都不需要访问或继承
};

#endif

 

• player.cpp

//=======================
//        player.cpp
//=======================
#include"player.h"
#include<iomanip>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// character's HP and MP resume
void player::reFill()
{
    HP = HPmax;        // HP and MP fully recovered
    MP = MPmax;
}

// report whether character is dead
bool player::death()
{
    return playerdeath;
}

// check whether character is dead
void player::isDead()
{
    if (HP <= 0)        // HP less than 0, character is dead
    {
        cout << name << " is Dead." << endl;
        system("pause");
        playerdeath = 1;    // give the label of death value 1
    }
}

// consume heal, irrelevant to job
bool player::useHeal()
{
    if (bag.nOfHeal() > 0)
    {
        HP = HP + 100;
        if (HP > HPmax)        // HP cannot be larger than maximum value
            HP = HPmax;        // so assign it to HPmax, if necessary
        cout << name << " used Heal, HP increased by 100." << endl;
        bag.useHeal();        // use heal
        system("pause");
        return 1;    // usage of heal succeed
    }
    else                // If no more heal in bag, cannot use
    {
        cout << "Sorry, you don't have heal to use." << endl;
        system("pause");
        return 0;    // usage of heal failed
    }
}

// consume magic water, irrelevant to job
bool player::useMW()
{
    if (bag.nOfMW() > 0)
    {
        MP = MP + 100;
        if (MP > MPmax)
            MP = MPmax;
        cout << name << " used Magic Water, MP increased by 100." << endl;
        bag.useMW();
        system("pause");
        return 1;    // usage of magic water succeed
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "Sorry, you don't have magic water to use." << endl;
        system("pause");
        return 0;    // usage of magic water failed
    }
}

// possess opponent's items after victory
void player::transfer(player& p)
{
    cout << name << " got" << p.bag.nOfHeal() << " Heal, and " << p.bag.nOfMW() << " Magic Water." << endl;
    system("pause");
    bag.set(p.bag.nOfHeal(), p.bag.nOfMW());
    // set the character's bag, get opponent's items
}

// display character's job
void player::showRole()
{
    switch (role)
    {
    case sw:
        cout << "Swordsman";
        break;
    case ar:
        cout << "Archer";
        break;
    case mg:
        cout << "Mage";
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}


// display character's job
void showinfo(player& p1, player& p2)
{
    system("cls");
    cout << "##############################################################" << endl;
    cout << "# Player" << setw(10) << p1.name << "   LV. " << setw(3) << p1.LV
        << "  # Opponent" << setw(10) << p2.name << "   LV. " << setw(3) << p2.LV << " #" << endl;
    cout << "# HP " << setw(3) << (p1.HP <= 999 ? p1.HP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p1.HPmax <= 999 ? p1.HPmax : 999)
        << " | MP " << setw(3) << (p1.MP <= 999 ? p1.MP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p1.MPmax <= 999 ? p1.MPmax : 999)
        << "     # HP " << setw(3) << (p2.HP <= 999 ? p2.HP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p2.HPmax <= 999 ? p2.HPmax : 999)
        << " | MP " << setw(3) << (p2.MP <= 999 ? p2.MP : 999) << '/' << setw(3) << (p2.MPmax <= 999 ? p2.MPmax : 999) << "      #" << endl;
    cout << "# AP " << setw(3) << (p1.AP <= 999 ? p1.AP : 999)
        << " | DP " << setw(3) << (p1.DP <= 999 ? p1.DP : 999)
        << " | speed " << setw(3) << (p1.speed <= 999 ? p1.speed : 999)
        << " # AP " << setw(3) << (p2.AP <= 999 ? p2.AP : 999)
        << " | DP " << setw(3) << (p2.DP <= 999 ? p2.DP : 999)
        << " | speed " << setw(3) << (p2.speed <= 999 ? p2.speed : 999) << "  #" << endl;
    cout << "# EXP" << setw(7) << p1.EXP << " Job: " << setw(7);
    p1.showRole();
    cout << "   # EXP" << setw(7) << p2.EXP << " Job: " << setw(7);
    p2.showRole();
    cout << "    #" << endl;
    cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    p1.bag.display();
    cout << "##############################################################" << endl;
}

 

• swordsman.h

//=======================
//        swordsman.h
//=======================

// Derived from base class player
// For the job Swordsman

#include "player.h"
class swordsman : public player        // subclass swordsman publicly inherited from base player
{
public:
    swordsman(int lv_in = 1, string name_in = "Not Given");
    // constructor with default level of 1 and name of "Not given"
    void isLevelUp();
    bool attack(player& p);
    bool specialatt(player& p);
    /* These three are derived from the pure virtual functions of base class
       The definition of them will be given in this subclass. */
    void AI(player& p);                // Computer opponent
};

 

• swordsman.cpp

//=======================
//        swordsman.cpp
//=======================

#include"swordsman.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// constructor. default values don't need to be repeated here
swordsman::swordsman(int lv_in, string name_in)
{
    role = sw;    // enumerate type of job
    LV = lv_in;
    name = name_in;

    // Initialising the character's properties, based on his level
    HPmax = 150 + 8 * (LV - 1);        // HP increases 8 point2 per level
    HP = HPmax;
    MPmax = 75 + 2 * (LV - 1);        // MP increases 2 points per level
    MP = MPmax;
    AP = 25 + 4 * (LV - 1);            // AP increases 4 points per level
    DP = 25 + 4 * (LV - 1);            // DP increases 4 points per level
    speed = 25 + 2 * (LV - 1);        // speed increases 2 points per level

    playerdeath = 0;
    EXP = LV * LV * 75;
    bag.set(lv_in, lv_in);
}

void swordsman::isLevelUp()
{
    if (EXP >= LV * LV * 75)
    {
        LV++;
        AP += 4;
        DP += 4;
        HPmax += 8;
        MPmax += 2;
        speed += 2;
        cout << name << " Level UP!" << endl;
        cout << "HP improved 8 points to " << HPmax << endl;
        cout << "MP improved 2 points to " << MPmax << endl;
        cout << "Speed improved 2 points to " << speed << endl;
        cout << "AP improved 4 points to " << AP << endl;
        cout << "DP improved 5 points to " << DP << endl;
        system("pause");
        isLevelUp();    // recursively call this function, so the character can level up multiple times if got enough exp
    }
}

bool swordsman::attack(player& p)
{
    double HPtemp = 0;        // opponent's HP decrement
    double EXPtemp = 0;        // player obtained exp
    double hit = 1;            // attach factor, probably give critical attack
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));        // generating random seed based on system time

    // If speed greater than opponent, you have some possibility to do double attack
    if ((speed > p.speed) && (rand() % 100 < (speed - p.speed)))        // rand()%100 means generates a number no greater than 100
    {
        HPtemp = (int)((1.0 * AP / p.DP) * AP * 5 / (rand() % 4 + 10));        // opponent's HP decrement calculated based their AP/DP, and uncertain chance
        cout << name << "'s quick strike hit " << p.name << ", " << p.name << "'s HP decreased " << HPtemp << endl;
        p.HP = int(p.HP - HPtemp);
        EXPtemp = (int)(HPtemp * 1.2);
    }

    // If speed smaller than opponent, the opponent has possibility to evade
    if ((speed < p.speed) && (rand() % 50 < 1))
    {
        cout << name << "'s attack has been evaded by " << p.name << endl;
        system("pause");
        return 1;
    }

    // 10% chance give critical attack
    if (rand() % 100 <= 10)
    {
        hit = 1.5;
        cout << "Critical attack: ";
    }

    // Normal attack
    HPtemp = (int)((1.0 * AP / p.DP) * AP * 5 / (rand() % 4 + 10));
    cout << name << " uses bash, " << p.name << "'s HP decreases " << HPtemp << endl;
    EXPtemp = (int)(EXPtemp + HPtemp * 1.2);
    p.HP = (int)(p.HP - HPtemp);
    cout << name << " obtained " << EXPtemp << " experience." << endl;
    EXP = (int)(EXP + EXPtemp);
    system("pause");
    return 1;        // Attack success
}

bool swordsman::specialatt(player& p)
{
    if (MP < 40)
    {
        cout << "You don't have enough magic points!" << endl;
        system("pause");
        return 0;        // Attack failed
    }
    else
    {
        MP -= 40;            // consume 40 MP to do special attack

        //10% chance opponent evades
        if (rand() % 100 <= 10)
        {
            cout << name << "'s leap attack has been evaded by " << p.name << endl;
            system("pause");
            return 1;
        }

        double HPtemp = 0;
        double EXPtemp = 0;
        //double hit=1;            
        //srand(time(NULL));        
        HPtemp = (int)(AP * 1.2 + 20);        // not related to opponent's DP
        EXPtemp = (int)(HPtemp * 1.5);        // special attack provides more experience
        cout << name << " uses leap attack, " << p.name << "'s HP decreases " << HPtemp << endl;
        cout << name << " obtained " << EXPtemp << " experience." << endl;
        p.HP = (int)(p.HP - HPtemp);
        EXP = (int)(EXP + EXPtemp);
        system("pause");
    }
    return 1;    // special attack succeed
}

// Computer opponent
void swordsman::AI(player& p)
{
    if ((HP < (int)((1.0 * p.AP / DP) * p.AP * 1.5)) && (HP + 100 <= 1.1 * HPmax) && (bag.nOfHeal() > 0) && (HP > (int)((1.0 * p.AP / DP) * p.AP * 0.5)))
        // AI's HP cannot sustain 3 rounds && not too lavish && still has heal && won't be killed in next round
    {
        useHeal();
    }
    else
    {
        if (MP >= 40 && HP > 0.5 * HPmax && rand() % 100 <= 30)
            // AI has enough MP, it has 30% to make special attack
        {
            specialatt(p);
            p.isDead();        // check whether player is dead
        }
        else
        {
            if (MP < 40 && HP>0.5 * HPmax && bag.nOfMW())
                // Not enough MP && HP is safe && still has magic water
            {
                useMW();
            }
            else
            {
                attack(p);    // normal attack
                p.isDead();
            }
        }
    }
}

 

• main.cpp

//=======================
//        main.cpp
//=======================

// main function for the RPG style game

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "swordsman.h"
using namespace std;


int main()
{
    string tempName;
    bool success = 0;        //flag for storing whether operation is successful
    cout << "Please input player's name: ";
    cin >> tempName;        // get player's name from keyboard input
    player* human = NULL;        // use pointer of base class, convenience for polymorphism
    int tempJob;        // temp choice for job selection
    do
    {
        cout << "Please choose a job: 1 Swordsman, 2 Archer, 3 Mage" << endl;
        cin >> tempJob;
        system("cls");        // clear the screen
        switch (tempJob)
        {
        case 1:
            human = new swordsman(1, tempName);    // create the character with user inputted name and job
            success = 1;        // operation succeed
            break;
        default:
            break;                // In this case, success=0, character creation failed
        }
    } while (success != 1);        // so the loop will ask user to re-create a character

    int tempCom;            // temp command inputted by user
    int nOpp = 0;                // the Nth opponent
    for (int i = 1; nOpp < 5; i += 2)    // i is opponent's level
    {
        nOpp++;
        system("cls");
        cout << "STAGE" << nOpp << endl;
        cout << "Your opponent, a Level " << i << " Swordsman." << endl;
        system("pause");
        swordsman enemy(i, "Warrior");    // Initialise an opponent, level i, name "Junior"
        human->reFill();                // get HP/MP refill before start fight

        while (!human->death() && !enemy.death())    // no died
        {
            success = 0;
            while (success != 1)
            {
                showinfo(*human, enemy);                // show fighter's information
                cout << "Please give command: " << endl;
                cout << "1 Attack; 2 Special Attack; 3 Use Heal; 4 Use Magic Water; 0 Exit Game" << endl;
                cin >> tempCom;
                switch (tempCom)
                {
                case 0:
                    cout << "Are you sure to exit? Y/N" << endl;
                    char temp;
                    cin >> temp;
                    if (temp == 'Y' || temp == 'y')
                        return 0;
                    else
                        break;
                case 1:
                    success = human->attack(enemy);
                    human->isLevelUp();
                    enemy.isDead();
                    break;
                case 2:
                    success = human->specialatt(enemy);
                    human->isLevelUp();
                    enemy.isDead();
                    break;
                case 3:
                    success = human->useHeal();
                    break;
                case 4:
                    success = human->useMW();
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!enemy.death())        // If AI still alive
                enemy.AI(*human);
            else                            // AI died
            {
                cout << "YOU WIN" << endl;
                human->transfer(enemy);        // player got all AI's items
            }
            if (human->death())
            {
                system("cls");
                cout << endl << setw(50) << "GAME OVER" << endl;
                delete human;    // player is dead, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?
                    system("pause");
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
    delete human;      // You win, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?
        system("cls");
    cout << "Congratulations! You defeated all opponents!!" << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

• 运行截图

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

实验总结

• 熟悉了最近所学内容，加深了印象，掌握了格式、一般用在什么地方，掌握了基本的使用。
• 了解到学长对类的理解，大概明白制作一个小游戏要怎么划分类和功能。还需要进一步实践来深化理解。
• 上网搜索了有关实现播放声音的方法，尚未进行实践（待更新╥﹏╥...）