实验5

task6.py

实验源码：

with open('data6.csv', 'r',encoding = 'gbk') as f:
    data = f.readlines()

processed_data = []
for i in range(1, len(data)):
    row = data[i].strip()
    processed_item = round(float(row))
    processed_data.append(processed_item)

with open('data6_processed.csv', 'w',encoding = 'gbk') as f:
    f.write('原始数据,四舍五入后的数据\n')
    for i in range(len(processed_data)):
        f.write(data[i+1].strip() + ',' + str(processed_data[i])+'\n')

print('原始数据:')
print( [float(d.strip()) for d in data[1:]])
print('四舍五入后的数据:')
print(processed_data)

运行结果：

task7.py

with open('data7.csv', 'r',encoding='gbk') as f:
    data = f.readlines()

datas = {}
for i in range(1, len(data)):
    row = data[i].strip().split(',')
    student_id, name, major, score = row[0], row[1], row[2], int(row[3])
    if major not in datas:
        datas[major] = []
    datas[major].append({'学号': student_id, '姓名': name, '分数': score})

with open('data7_processed.csv', 'w',encoding='gbk') as f:
    f.write('学号,姓名,专业,分数\n')
    for major in sorted(datas.keys()):
        major_data = sorted(datas[major], key=lambda k: k['分数'], reverse=True)
        for item in major_data:
            f.write(item['学号'] + ',' + item['姓名'] + ',' + major + ',' + str(item['分数']) + '\n')

print('{:<8}\t{:<8}\t{:<8}\t{}'.format('学号', '姓名', '分数', '专业'))
for major in sorted(datas.keys()):
    major_data = sorted(datas[major], key=lambda k: k['分数'], reverse=True)
    for item in major_data:
        print('{:<8}\t{:<8}\t{:<8}\t{}'.format(item['学号'], item['姓名'], str(item['分数']), major))

运行结果：

task8.py

with open('hamlet.txt', 'r') as f:
    text = f.read()


lines = text.split('\n')
words = text.split()
num_chars = len(text)
num_spaces = text.count(' ')

print('行数：', len(lines))
print('单词数：', len(words))
print('字符数：', len(text))
print('空格数：', num_spaces)

with open('hamlet_with_line_number.txt', 'w') as f:
    for i in range(len(lines)):
        f.write('{:>4} {}\n'.format(i+1, lines[i]))

运行结果：

task9.py

实验源码：

import datetime

def is_valid(id_num):
    """
    判断身份证号码是否有效
    """
    # 长度必须为18位
    if len(id_num) != 18:
        return False
    # 前17位必须都是数字
    if not id_num[:17].isdigit():
        return False
    # 最后一位只能是数字或大写字母X
    if id_num[17] not in '0123456789X':
        return False
    return True

with open('data9_id.txt', 'r') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()

id_list = []


for line in lines:
    line = line.strip()
    if line.startswith('姓名'):
        continue
    name, id_num = line.split(',')
    if is_valid(id_num):
        birth_str = id_num[6:14]
        birth_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(birth_str, '%Y%m%d')
        age = (datetime.datetime.now() - birth_date).days // 365
        id_list.append((name, birth_date, age))

# 按照年龄降序输出姓名、出生日期、当前年龄
id_list.sort(key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True)
for name, birth_date, age in id_list:
    print('{}\t{}\t{}'.format(name, birth_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), age))

运行结果：

task10.1.py

实验源码：

import random
import datetime

with open('data10_stu.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    data = f.readlines()

n = int(input('随机抽点人数：'))

ran_data = random.sample(data, n)

for line in ran_data:
    line = line.strip().split('\t')
    print('{:<12}{:<12}{}'.format(line[0], line[1], line[2]))

file_name = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d') + '.txt'
with open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write('学号\t姓名\t班级\n')
    f.writelines(ran_data)

运行结果：

task10.2.py

实验源码：

import random
import datetime

with open('data10_stu.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    data = f.readlines()
print(f"{'抽点开始':*^40}")
while True:
    n = int(input('输入随点抽取人数：'))
    if n == 0:
        break

    ran_data = random.sample(data, n)



    for line in ran_data:
        line = line.strip().split('\t')
        print('{:<12}{:<12}{}'.format(line[0], line[1], line[2]))
print(f"{'抽点结束':*^40}")


file_name = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d') + '.txt'
with open(file_name, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.writelines(set(ran_data))

运行结果：

实验总结：

1.在计算年龄时，使用了datetime模块中的datetime类。导入模块可以使代码简洁很多。该类表示一个日期和时间的组合，可以进行各种日期和时间的计算和比较。datetime.datetime.now()方法可以获取当前日期和时间，然后将其减去出生日期，得到一个时间差，再将时间差的天数除以365，得到当前年龄。

2.task10.2中，while循环支持用户多次输入进行抽点，直到抽点人数输入0时终止。同时，在保存随机抽取结果到文件中时，可以使用set去除重复名单。