Spring 属性依赖注入
1.1 属性依赖注入
依赖注入方式：手动装配 和 自动装配
手动装配：一般进行配置信息都采用手动
基于xml装配：构造方法、setter方法
基于注解装配：
自动装配：struts和spring 整合可以自动装配
byType：按类型装配
byName：按名称装配
constructor：构造装配，
auto： 不确定装配。
一.构造方法注入
User.java
public class User {
private Integer uid;
private String username;
private Integer age;
public User(Integer uid, String username) {
super();
this.uid = uid;
this.username = username;
}
public User(String username, Integer age) {
super();
this.username = username;
this.age = age;
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 构造方法注入 * <constructor-arg> 用于配置构造方法一个参数argument name ：参数的名称 value：设置普通数据 ref：引用数据，一般是另一个bean id值 index ：参数的索引号，从0开始 。如果只有索引，匹配到了多个构造方法时，默认使用第一个。 type ：确定参数类型 例如：使用名称name <constructor-arg name="username" value="jack"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg> 例如2：【类型type 和 索引 index】 <constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="1"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.Integer" value="2"></constructor-arg> --> <bean id="userId" class="com.itheima.f_xml.a_constructor.User" > <constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="1"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.Integer" value="2"></constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
二.property属性注入
User.java
package com.zk.myspring;
public class User {
private Integer uid;
private String username;
private Integer age;
public Integer getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(Integer uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [uid=" + uid + ", username=" + username + ", age=" + age
+ "]";
}
public User(Integer uid, String username, Integer age) {
super();
this.uid = uid;
this.username = username;
this.age = age;
}
public User() {
super();
}
}
Test.java
package com.zk.myspring;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
String path="/com/zk/myspring/ApplicationContext.xml";
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);
User user=(User) ac.getBean("UserId");
System.out.println(user);
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="UserId" class="com.zk.myspring.User"> <!-- setter方法注入： 普通数据： <property name="" value="值"> 等效 <property name=""> <value> 值 </value> </property> 引用数据 <property name="" ref="另一个bean"> </property> 等效 <property name=""> <ref bean="" /> </property> --> <property name="username" value="jack"></property> <property name="uid" value="1"></property> <property name="age" value="24"></property> <!-- p命名空间，对setter方法注入进行简化，替换<property name="属性名">，而是在<bean 属性名="普通值"> --> </bean> </beans>
ApplicationContext的p命名空间
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="UserId" class="com.zk.myspring.User" p:uid="1" p:age="24" p:username="zk" p:company-ref="company1"></bean> <bean id="company1" class="com.zk.myspring.Company" p:name="computer science" p:address="徐州市中国矿业大学计算机科学与技术学院"> </bean> </beans>
三.集合属性注入
CollData.java
package com.zk.myspringcoll;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
public class CollData {
private String[] arrayData;
private List<String> listData;
private Set<String> setData;
private Map<String,String> mapData;
private Properties propersData;
public String[] getArrayData() {
return arrayData;
}
public void setArrayData(String[] arrayData) {
this.arrayData = arrayData;
}
public List<String> getListData() {
return listData;
}
public void setListData(List<String> listData) {
this.listData = listData;
}
public Set<String> getSetData() {
return setData;
}
public void setSetData(Set<String> setData) {
this.setData = setData;
}
public Map<String, String> getMapData() {
return mapData;
}
public void setMapData(Map<String, String> mapData) {
this.mapData = mapData;
}
public Properties getPropersData() {
return propersData;
}
public void setPropersData(Properties propersData) {
this.propersData = propersData;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CollData [arrayData=" + Arrays.toString(arrayData)
+ ", \nlistData=" + listData + ", \nsetData=" + setData
+ ", \nmapData=" + mapData + ", \nproperties=" + propersData + "]";
}
}
Test.java
package com.zk.myspringcoll;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestColl {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
CollData colldata=(CollData) ac.getBean("CollData");
System.out.println(colldata);
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 集合注入都是给<property>添加子标签 数组：<array> List:<List> Set:<set> Map:<map> Properties:<props><prop key="">value</prop></props> 普通数据:<value> 引用数据：<ref> --> <bean id="CollData" class="com.zk.myspringcoll.CollData"> <property name="arrayData"> <array> <value>DS</value> <value>DZD</value> <value>屌丝</value> <value>吊中吊</value> </array> </property> <property name="listData"> <list> <value>list1</value> <value>list2</value> <value>list3</value> <value>list4</value> <value>list5</value> </list> </property> <property name="setData"> <set> <value>set1</value> <value>set2</value> <value>set3</value> <value>set4</value> <value>set5</value> </set> </property> <property name="mapData"> <map> <entry key="1" value="value1"></entry> <entry key="2" value="value2"></entry> <entry key="3" value="value3"></entry> <entry key="4" value="value4"></entry> <entry key="5" value="value5"></entry> <!-- <entry> <key><value>6</value></key> <value>value6</value> </entry> --> </map> </property> <property name="propersData"> <props> <prop key="高富帅">嫐</prop> <prop key="白富美">嬲</prop> <prop key="屌丝">挊</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
四.自动装配bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 自动装配(用的不多)：
byName按名称自动匹配（即要装配的bean中的属性名称和配置中的bean名称相同就会自动装配，如UserService类中的属性和userDAO的bean名称相同就自动装配）
byType按类型自动匹配 （即要装配的bean中的属性类型和配置中的bean的类型相同就会自动装配，如UserService类中的属性类型和userDAO的bean类型相同就自动装配）
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.zk.myspring.User" autowire="default">
</bean>
</beans>
自动装配-byName
employee.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employee {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Double Salary;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Double getSalary() {
return Salary;
}
public void setSalary(Double salary) {
Salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "employee [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", Salary=" + Salary
+ "]";
}
}
employer.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employer {
private String name;
private employee e1;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public employee getE1() {
return e1;
}
public void setE1(employee e1) {
this.e1 = e1;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "老板"+name + "给员工" + e1.getName() + "发"+ e1.getSalary() + "的薪水";
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="e1" class="com.zk.company.employee"> <property name="name" value="Tom"></property> <property name="age" value="24"></property> <property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property> </bean> <bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer" autowire="byName"> <property name="name" value="Boss"></property> </bean> </beans>
MainApp.java
package MainApp;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.zk.company.employer;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
employer er1=(employer) ac.getBean("employer1");
System.out.println(er1.toString());
}
}
运行结果：
自动装配-byType
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="e1" class="com.zk.company.employee"> <property name="name" value="Tom"></property> <property name="age" value="24"></property> <property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property> </bean> <bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer" autowire="byType"> <property name="name" value="Boss"></property> </bean> </beans>
五.使用注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
</beans>
六.扫描包名+配合注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bjsxt"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
七.内部Bean
employer.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employer {
private String name;
private employee e1;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public employee getE1() {
return e1;
}
public void setE1(employee e1) {
this.e1 = e1;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "老板"+name + "给员工" + e1.getName() + "发"+ e1.getSalary() + "的薪水";
}
}
employee.java
package com.zk.company;
public class employee {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Double Salary;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Double getSalary() {
return Salary;
}
public void setSalary(Double salary) {
Salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "employee [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", Salary=" + Salary
+ "]";
}
}
ApplicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="employee1" class="com.zk.company.employee"> <property name="name" value="Tom"></property> <property name="age" value="24"></property> <property name="salary" value="100000000000000000"></property> </bean> <bean id="employer1" class="com.zk.company.employer"> <property name="name" value="Boss"></property> <property name="e1" ref="employee1"></property> </bean> </beans>
Main.java
package MainApp;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.zk.company.employer;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
employer er1=(employer) ac.getBean("employer1");
System.out.println(er1.toString());
}
}
运行结果：
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