uboot-2010.03 移植到 2410( 从 nand 启动 )
【环境】
<a> Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
<b> u-boot-2010.03
<c> FS2410 主板， SAMSUNG S3C2410A 微处理器
<d> 交叉编译器 arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2
<e> Nand: Samsung K9F1208U0B ， 64M
【步骤】
Step1: 创建板级源码
<1> 解压
tar -jxvf u-boot-2010.03.tar.bz2
<2> 进入板极源码目录
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/board/samsung$ ls
smdk2400 smdk2410 smdk6400 smdkc100
<3> 拷贝一份最相似的平台代码：
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/board/samsung$ cp -av smdk2410/ fs2410
`smdk2410/' -> `fs2410'
`smdk2410/Makefile' -> `fs2410/Makefile'
`smdk2410/config.mk' -> `fs2410/config.mk'
`smdk2410/flash.c' -> `fs2410/flash.c'
`smdk2410/smdk2410.c' -> `fs2410/smdk2410.c'
`smdk2410/lowlevel_init.S' -> `fs2410/lowlevel_init.S'
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/board/samsung$ ls
fs2410 smdk2400 smdk2410 smdk6400 smdkc100
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/board/samsung$ cd fs2410/
修改文件名
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/board/samsung/fs2410$ mv smdk2410.c fs2410.c
修改 Makefile
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/board/samsung/fs2410$ vim Makefile
COBJS := smdk2410.o flash.o → COBJS := fs2410.o flash.o
拷贝头文件
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/board/samsung/fs2410$ cd http://www.cnblogs.com/../include/configs/
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/include/configs$ cp -v smdk2410.h fs2410.h
`smdk2410.h' -> `fs2410.h'
退回 U-Boot 根目录
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/include/configs$ cd ../..
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$
<4> 修改顶级 Makefile
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ vim Makefile
smdk2410_config : unconfig
@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 samsung s3c24x0
在 3045 和 3046 行（即以上两句）下加入以下两句：
fs2410_config : unconfig
@$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t fs2410 samsung s3c24x0
<5> 编译
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ make fs2410_config
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ make
…...
arm-linux-objcopy -O srec u-boot u-boot.srec
arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O binary u-boot u-boot.bin
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ ll -h u-boot.bin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 furtherchan furtherchan 99K 2010-07-05 20:25 u-boot.bin
此时编译生成的 u-boot.bin 文件还无法运行在 fs2410 开发板上，需要做以下修改 .
Step2: 修改平台相关信息
<1> 修改中断禁止部分
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ cd cpu/arm920t/
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03/cpu/arm920t$ vim start.S
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr r1, =0x3ff
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str r1, [r0]
修改成如下：
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr r1, =0x7ff
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str r1, [r0]
<2> 修改 SDRAM 刷新周期： board/samsung/fs2410/lowlevel_init.S
#define REFCNT 1113 /* period=15.6us, HCLK=60Mhz, (2048+1-15.6*60) */
改成：
#define REFCNT 1268 /* period=7.8125us, HCLK=100Mhz, (2048+1-7.8125*100) */
Step3: U-BOOT 增加 NAND 启动支持
<1> 修改命令提示符，在 include/configs/fs2410.h 中修改如下代码：
#define CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT "SMDK2410 # "
改成：
#define CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT "fs2410 # "
<2> 修改默认载入地址
#define CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR 0x33000000
改成：
#define CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR 0x30008000
<3> 加入支持 nand 写
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH 1
改成：
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND 1 /* common/env_nand.c */
并增加一句：
#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0x30000
<4> 调试过程
U-Boot 第一阶段完成后，跳转到第二阶段的主函数 lib_arm/board.c 中 271 行： void start_armboot (void) ，在该函数中有如下定义：
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)
puts ("NAND: ");
nand_init(); /* go init the NAND */
#endif
为了支持 NAND ，在 include/configs/fs2410.h 中添加如下代码：
#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND
添加完先编译一下：
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ make distclean
Generating include/autoconf.mk
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ make fs2410_config
Configuring for fs2410 board...
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-none-linux-gnueabi
…...
gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72)
编译，出现错误：
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/furtherchan/work/u-boot-2010.03/drivers/mtd/nand'
…... -o nand.o nand.c -c
nand.c:29: error: 'CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE' undeclared here (not in a function)
nand.c:32: error: 'CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE' undeclared here (not in a function)
make[1]: *** [nand.o] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/furtherchan/work/u-boot-2010.03/drivers/mtd/nand'
make: *** [drivers/mtd/nand/libnand.a] Error 2
在 include/configs/fs2410.h 中继续添加代码：
#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1
#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000
继续编译，出现错误：
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/furtherchan/work/u-boot-2010.03/cpu/arm920t'
…...
drivers/mtd/nand/libnand.a(nand.o): In function `nand_init_chip':
/home/furtherchan/work/u-boot-2010.03/drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c:48: undefined reference to `board_nand_init'
make: *** [u-boot] Error 1
板级 nand 初始化函数找不到，在 drivers/mtd/nand/ 目录下有个 s3c2410_nand.c 文件，一直不知道是什么时候用的，估计是需要调用该文件中的 board_nand_init() 。
查看 drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c ，其中 nand_init_chip 调用了 board_nand_init() ，同时在 /drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c 中有 board_nand_init() 函数，下面就要考虑如何把 s3c2410_nand.c 的 board_nand_init() 整到 nand.c 中。
分析该目录下的 Makefile ，用 s3c2410 关键字查询到如下内容：
COBJS-$( CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410 ) += s3c2410_nand.o
要使该行编译进工程，需定义 CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410 ，同样，在 include/configs/fs2410.h 中继续添加代码：
#define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410
继续编译：
furtherchan@further:~/work/u-boot-2010.03$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
编译成功，烧写板子，输出如下信息：
fs2410 #
U-Boot 2010.03 (Jul 06 2010 - 13:22:17)
DRAM: 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND: 64 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: CS8900-0
fs2410 # nand info
Device 0: NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit, sector size 16 KiB
fs2410 # saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing Nand...
Erasing at 0x3c00000000001 -- 0% complete.
Writing to Nand... done
fs2410 #
可见 nand 读写成功。
设好环境参数后启动，出现如下错误：
fs2410 # boot
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x40000, size 0x200000
2097152 bytes read: OK
## Starting application at 0x30008000 ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.
Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x33f4fb6c).
Available machine support:
ID (hex) NAME
000000c1 SMDK2410
0000015b IPAQ-H1940
00000290 Acer-N30
0000014b Simtec-BAST
000002a8 Nex Vision - Otom 1.1
00000400 AML_M5900
000001db Thorcom-VR1000
00000454 QT2410
000003fe SMDK2413
000003f1 SMDK2412
00000377 S3C2413
00000474 VSTMS
000002de Simtec-Anubis
0000034a Simtec-OSIRIS
00000250 IPAQ-RX3715
0000016a SMDK2440
000002a9 NexVision - Nexcoder 2440
0000043c SMDK2443
Please check your kernel config and/or bootloader.
以上信息可见， machine Id 不匹配，由于本人的 zImage 之前在板子上跑是正确的，基本可断定 u-boot 平台 ID 传递错误：
fs2410 # bdinfo
arch_number = 0x000000C1
env_t = 0x00000000
boot_params = 0x30000100
DRAM bank = 0x00000000
-> start = 0x30000000
-> size = 0x04000000
ethaddr = aa:2c:33:44:55:66
ip_addr = 192.168.1.212
baudrate = 115200 bps
以上 arch_number 转换成 10 进制即 193 ，在内核源码文件 include/asm-arm/mach-types.h 中有相应定义，在 u-boot 文件 include/asm-arm/mach-types.h
存在相同定义：
#define MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410 193
在 board/samsung/fs2410/fs2410.c 中有如下定义：
/* arch number of SMDK2410-Board */
gd->bd->bi_arch_number = MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410;
/* adress of boot parameters */
gd->bd->bi_boot_params = 0x30000100;
看来的确是 uboot 没有把参数传递给内核。
board/samsung/fs2410/fs2410.c
: #include <asm/arch/s3c24x0_cpu.h>
include/asm-arm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c24x0_cpu.h
s3c24x0_cpu.h
内容如下 :
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2400
#include <asm/arch/s3c2400.h>
#elif defined CONFIG_S3C2410
#include <asm/arch/s3c2410.h>
#else
#error Please define the s3c24x0 cpu type
#endif
需要定义： CONFIG_S3C2410 ，在 fs2410.h 中已有该定义
解决：在 common/cmd_boot.c 中 do_go() 函数修改如下：
int
do_go (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
ulong addr, rc;
int rcode = 0;
/************* Add by FurtherChan ************/
char *commandline = getenv ("bootargs" );
struct param_struct *my_params = (struct param_struct *) 0x30000100;
memset (my_params, 0, sizeof (struct param_struct));
my_params->u1.s.page_size = 4096;
my_params->u1.s.nr_pages = 0x4000000 >> 12;
memcpy (my_params->commandline, commandline, strlen (commandline) + 1);
/***************** Add end *******************/
if (argc < 2)
{
cmd_usage (cmdtp);
return 1;
}
addr = simple_strtoul (argv[1], NULL, 16);
printf ("## Starting application at 0x%08lX ...\n" , addr);
/* * pass address parameter as argv[0] (aka command name),
* and all remaining args
*/
/*************** Add by FurtherChan *************/
__asm__ ("mov r1, #193\n"
"mov ip, #0\n"
"mcr p15, 0, ip, c13, c0, 0\n"
"mcr p15, 0, ip, c7, c7, 0\n"
"mcr p15, 0, ip, c7, c10, 4\n"
"mcr p15, 0, ip, c8, c7, 0\n"
"mrc p15, 0, ip, c1, c0, 0\n"
"bic ip, ip, #0x0001\n"
"mov pc, %0\n" "nop\n"
:
:"r" (addr)
);
/***************** Add end ********************/
rc = do_go_exec ((void *) addr, argc - 1, argv + 1);
if (rc != 0)
rcode = 1;
printf ("## Application terminated, rc = 0x%lX\n" , rc);
return rcode;
}
重新编译后，烧写，启动板子：
fs2410 # boot
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x40000, size 0x200000
2097152 bytes read: OK
## Starting application at 0x30008000 ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.22.6 (furtherchan@further) (gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72) ) #25 Thu Jul 1 16:25:29 CST 2010
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=00007177
Machine: SMDK2410
ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
…...
启动成功！
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