Django之Form组件

Django的Form主要具有一下几大功能：

生成HTML标签
验证用户数据（显示错误信息）
HTML Form提交保留上次提交数据
初始化页面显示内容

小试牛刀

1、创建Form类

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
 
class MyForm(Form):
    user = fields.CharField(
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'id': 'i1', 'class': 'c1'})
    )
 
    gender = fields.ChoiceField(
        choices=((1, '男'), (2, '女'),),
        initial=2,
        widget=widgets.RadioSelect
    )
 
    city = fields.CharField(
        initial=2,
        widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
    )
 
    pwd = fields.CharField(
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'c1'}, render_value=True)
    )

2、View函数处理

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import MyForm
 
 
def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if obj.is_valid():
            values = obj.clean()
            print(values)
        else:
            errors = obj.errors
            print(errors)
        return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
    else:
        return redirect('http://www.google.com')

3、生成HTML

<form action="/" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.gender }} {{ form.gender.errors }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd }} {{ form.pwd.errors }}</p>
    <input type="submit"/>
</form>

<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        {% csrf_token %}
        
            {{ form.xxoo.label }}
            {{ form.xxoo.id_for_label }}
            {{ form.xxoo.label_tag }}
            {{ form.xxoo.errors }}
            <p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
            <input type="submit" />
    </form>

其他标签

Form类

创建Form类时，主要涉及到【字段】和【插件】，字段用于对用户请求数据的验证，插件用于自动生成HTML;

1、Django内置字段如下：

Field
    required=True,               是否允许为空
    widget=None,                 HTML插件
    label=None,                  用于生成Label标签或显示内容
    initial=None,                初始值
    help_text='',                帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
    error_messages=None,         错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
    show_hidden_initial=False,   是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直）
    validators=[],               自定义验证规则
    localize=False,              是否支持本地化
    disabled=False,              是否可以编辑
    label_suffix=None            Label内容后缀
 
 
CharField(Field)
    max_length=None,             最大长度
    min_length=None,             最小长度
    strip=True                   是否移除用户输入空白
 
IntegerField(Field)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
 
FloatField(IntegerField)
    ...
 
DecimalField(IntegerField)
    max_value=None,              最大值
    min_value=None,              最小值
    max_digits=None,             总长度
    decimal_places=None,         小数位长度
 
BaseTemporalField(Field)
    input_formats=None          时间格式化   
 
DateField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12
 
DurationField(Field)            时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f
    ...
 
RegexField(CharField)
    regex,                      自定制正则表达式
    max_length=None,            最大长度
    min_length=None,            最小长度
    error_message=None,         忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
 
EmailField(CharField)      
    ...
 
FileField(Field)
    allow_empty_file=False     是否允许空文件
 
ImageField(FileField)      
    ...
    注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow
    以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点：
        - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
        - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
 
URLField(Field)
    ...
 
 
BooleanField(Field)  
    ...
 
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
    ...
 
ChoiceField(Field)
    ...
    choices=(),                选项，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
    required=True,             是否必填
    widget=None,               插件，默认select插件
    label=None,                Label内容
    initial=None,              初始值
    help_text='',              帮助提示
 
 
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
    queryset,                  # 查询数据库中的数据
    empty_label="---------",   # 默认空显示内容
    to_field_name=None,        # HTML中value的值对应的字段
    limit_choices_to=None      # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
     
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
 
 
     
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的值进行一次转换
    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
 
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
    ...
 
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
 
ComboField(Field)
    fields=()                  使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式
                               fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
 
MultiValueField(Field)
    PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用
 
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
    input_date_formats=None,   格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
    input_time_formats=None    格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
 
FilePathField(ChoiceField)     文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中
    path,                      文件夹路径
    match=None,                正则匹配
    recursive=False,           递归下面的文件夹
    allow_files=True,          允许文件
    allow_folders=False,       允许文件夹
    required=True,
    widget=None,
    label=None,
    initial=None,
    help_text=''
 
GenericIPAddressField
    protocol='both',           both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
    unpack_ipv4=False          解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用
 
SlugField(CharField)           数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符）
    ...
 
UUIDField(CharField)           uuid类型
    ...

注：UUID是根据MAC以及当前时间等创建的不重复的随机字符串

>>> import uuid

    # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
    >>> uuid.uuid1()    # doctest: +SKIP
    UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')

    # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
    >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
    UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')

    # make a random UUID
    >>> uuid.uuid4()    # doctest: +SKIP
    UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')

    # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
    >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
    UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')

    # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
    >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')

    # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
    >>> str(x)
    '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'

    # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
    >>> x.bytes
    b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'

    # make a UUID from a 16-byte string
    >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
    UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')

View Code

Form的重点如下：

Form重点：
    - 字段
        用于保存正则表达式
        ChoiceField *****
        MultipleChoiceField
        CharField
        IntegerField
        DecimalField
        DateField
        DateTimeField
        EmailField
        GenericIPAddressField
        FileField
        
        RegexField
    - HTML插件  不能生成<a> <div>等标签，只能生成form表单类的标签
        用于生成HTML标签
        每个field 里都有一个默认插件和一个正则表达式 ， 可以通过widget来修改默认插件

2、Django内置插件：

TextInput(Input)
NumberInput(TextInput)
EmailInput(TextInput)
URLInput(TextInput)
PasswordInput(TextInput)
HiddenInput(TextInput)
Textarea(Widget)
DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
CheckboxInput
Select
NullBooleanSelect
SelectMultiple
RadioSelect
CheckboxSelectMultiple
FileInput
ClearableFileInput
MultipleHiddenInput
SplitDateTimeWidget
SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
SelectDateWidget

案列如下：

注意：#label_suffix = '->' #Label内容后缀只能在 obj.as_p、obj.as_ul、obj.as_table的情况下使用，把test.html改成如下格式才生效

<body>
<h1>我是test3界面</h1>
 {{ obj.as_p }}
</body>

from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
class TestForm(forms.Form):
    user = fields.CharField (
        required=True,  # 是否必填
        max_length=12,  # 最大长度
        min_length=3,  # 最小长度
        # error_messages={},  # 错误提示
        # widget = widgets.Select(), # 定制HTML插件
        label='用户名',  # 此时前台显示的就是用户名
        initial='请输入用户',  # 在当前设置默认值，一般不用 一般用form初始化的时候进行设置
        help_text='asdfasdf', #没什么用
        show_hidden_initial = False,# 默认是false,设置成True 复制一行代码，右击界面查看源码
        # validators=[]  自定制验证规则，可以自己写表达式
        #label_suffix = '->' #Label内容后缀
    )
    age = fields.IntegerField(
        label='年龄',
        label_suffix='--->',
        max_value=12,
        min_value=5,
        error_messages={
            'max_value': '太大了'
        }
    )
#EmailField 是一个类，继承了CharField类，（看源码）,所以它有CharField的所有属性
    email = fields.EmailField(
       # label='邮箱'  #如果不设置，默认是英文email 字段名称
        initial='zhangsan@qq.com' #给字段设置默认值
    )


    #上传文件  obj = TestForm(request.POST,request.FILES) #文件必须加request.FILES
    #html界面必须加上   enctype="multipart/form-data"
    img = fields.FileField()


    """
     TypedChoiceField继承了ChoiceField，
    TypedChoiceField多了一个函数进行转换coerce = lambda x: int(x),
    TypedChoiceField 和ChoiceField的区别就是是否进行内部转换，ChoiceField默认数字是字符串，
    用TypedChoiceField数字就会转换成数字因为TypedChoiceField继承了fields，所以它也有fields下的CharField的特性
    TypedChoiceField 和ChoiceField是单选
    """
    city = fields.TypedChoiceField(
        coerce=lambda x: int(x), #默认(1,'上海'), 里面的1是字符串，用它变成数字类型
        choices= [(1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),(3,'南京')] , #设置数据源
        initial=2, #设置默认值
    )

#MultipleChoiceField是多选
    bobby = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
        choices=[(1, '刚娘'), (2, '铁娘'), (3, '钢弹')], #设置数据源
        initial=[1,3]  #设置 默认值
    )
    #FilPeathField 显示文件下的所有内容 几乎不用
    xoo = fields.FilPeathField (
        path='app01'
    )


def test(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        #obj = TestForm({'user':'alex','age':28,'email':'zhaosan@qq.com'}) #初始化指定默认值  如果是多选用列表
        obj = TestForm()  #前台界面输入<p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 会自动生成对话框（因为自动生成了代码）
        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})
    else:
        obj = TestForm(request.POST,request.FILES) #文件必须加request.FILES
        obj.is_valid()
        print('执行结果',obj.cleaned_data)
        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>我是test界面</h1>
{#上传文件或者图片必须加上  enctype="multipart/form-data#}
<form method="post" action="/test/" novalidate enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>{{ obj.user.label }} {{ obj.user }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.age.label }}{{ obj.age }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.email.label }}{{ obj.email }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.img.label }}{{ obj.img }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.city.label }}{{ obj.city }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.bobby.label }}{{ obj.bobby }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.xoo.label }}{{ obj.xoo }}</p>
    <p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>

</body>
</html>

test.html

"""Django_lesson21 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^test/', v2.test),
]

url.py

常用选择插件

# 单radio，值为字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
 
# 单radio，值为字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )
 
# 单select，值为字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )
 
# 单select，值为字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     initial=2,
#     widget=widgets.Select
# )
 
# 多选select，值为列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
#     initial=[1,],
#     widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )
 
 
# 单checkbox
# user = fields.CharField(
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )
 
 
# 多选checkbox,值为列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
#     initial=[2, ],
#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
#     widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# )

常用选择插件案列：

1、

from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class TestForm(forms.Form):
    user = fields.CharField (
        required=True,  # 是否必填
        max_length=12,  # 最大长度
        min_length=3,  # 最小长度
        # error_messages={},  # 错误提示
        # widget = widgets.Select(), # 定制HTML插件
        label='用户名',  # 此时前台显示的就是用户名
        initial='请输入用户',  # 在当前设置默认值，一般不用 一般用form初始化的时候进行设置
        help_text='asdfasdf', #没什么用
        show_hidden_initial = False,# 默认是false,设置成True 复制一行代码，右击界面查看源码
        # validators=[]  自定制验证规则，可以自己写表达式
        #label_suffix = '->' #Label内容后缀
    )
    age = fields.IntegerField(
        label='年龄',
        label_suffix='--->',
        max_value=12,
        min_value=5,
        error_messages={
            'max_value': '太大了'
        }
    )
#EmailField 是一个类，继承了CharField类，（看源码）,所以它有CharField的所有属性
    email = fields.EmailField(
       # label='邮箱'  #如果不设置，默认是英文email 字段名称
        initial='zhangsan@qq.com' #给字段设置默认值
    )


    #上传文件  obj = TestForm(request.POST,request.FILES) #文件必须加request.FILES
    #html界面必须加上   enctype="multipart/form-data#
    img = fields.FileField()


    """
     TypedChoiceField继承了ChoiceField，
    TypedChoiceField多了一个函数进行转换coerce = lambda x: int(x),
    TypedChoiceField 和ChoiceField的区别就是是否进行内部转换，ChoiceField默认数字是字符串，
    用TypedChoiceField数字就会转换成数字因为TypedChoiceField继承了fields，所以它也有fields下的CharField的特性
    TypedChoiceField 和ChoiceField是单选
    """
    city = fields.TypedChoiceField(
        coerce=lambda x: int(x), #默认(1,'上海'), 里面的1是字符串，用它变成数字类型
        choices= [(1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),(3,'南京')] , #设置数据源
        initial=2, #设置默认值
    )


#MultipleChoiceField是多选
    bobby = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
        choices=[(1, '刚娘'), (2, '铁娘'), (3, '钢弹')], #设置数据源
        initial=[1,3]  #设置 默认值
    )
#     #FilPeathField 显示文件下的所有内容 几乎不用
#     xoo = fields.FilPeathField (
#         path='app01'
#     )

    #单选下拉框  方法一
    xdb = fields.CharField(
        widget=widgets.Select(
            choices=[(1,'刚娘'),(2,'铁娘'),(3,'钢弹')]
        )
    )

    xdb = fields.IntegerField(
        widget=widgets.Select(
            choices=[(1, '刚娘'), (2, '铁娘'), (3, '钢弹')]
        )
    )
    #单选框 的方法二
    xdb = fields.ChoiceField(
        choices=[(1, '刚娘'), (2, '铁娘'), (3, '钢弹')]
    )


    # 多选框  只有这一种写法
    xdb = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
        choices=[(1, '刚娘'), (2, '铁娘'), (3, '钢弹')],
        widget = widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class':'c1'}) #attrs={'class':'c1'} 自定义属性 右击源码
    )

    #单选checkbox   是否选中按钮
    xdb = fields.CharField(
        widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
    )
    #多选checkbox
    xdb = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
        choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),(3,'南京'),(4,'郑州'),),  #选择列表
        initial=[3,],  #默认选中
        widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
    )
    #单选RadioSelect
    xdb = fields.ChoiceField(
        choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),(3,'南京'),(4,'郑州'),),
        initial=4,
        widget=widgets.RadioSelect
    )

def test(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        #obj = TestForm({'user':'alex','age':28,'email':'zhaosan@qq.com'}) #初始化指定默认值  如果是多选用列表
        obj = TestForm()  #前台界面输入<p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 会自动生成对话框（因为自动生成了代码）
        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})
    else:
        obj = TestForm(request.POST,request.FILES) #文件必须加request.FILES
        obj.is_valid()
        print('执行结果',obj.cleaned_data)
        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>我是test界面</h1>
{#上传文件或者图片必须加上  enctype="multipart/form-data#}
<form method="post" action="/test/" novalidate enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>{{ obj.user.label }} {{ obj.user }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.age.label }}{{ obj.age }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.email.label }}{{ obj.email }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.img.label }}{{ obj.img }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.city.label }}{{ obj.city }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.bobby.label }}{{ obj.bobby }}</p>
{#    <p>{{ obj.xoo.label }}{{ obj.xoo }}</p>#}
    <p>{{ obj.xdb.label }}{{ obj.xdb }}</p>
    <p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>

</body>
</html>

test.html

"""Django_lesson21 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^test/', v2.test),
]

urls.py

2、标签加上 safe的使用案列

 #方法一、如果前台渲染出对话框需要加safe： 我是text标签 {{ text |safe }}
        text = "<input type = 'text'/>"
        #方法二、此时前台无需加safe
        from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
        text =mark_safe(text)

from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class TestForm(forms.Form):
    user = fields.CharField (
        required=True,  # 是否必填
        max_length=12,  # 最大长度
        min_length=3,  # 最小长度
        # error_messages={},  # 错误提示
        # widget = widgets.Select(), # 定制HTML插件
        label='用户名',  # 此时前台显示的就是用户名
        initial='请输入用户',  # 在当前设置默认值，一般不用 一般用form初始化的时候进行设置
        help_text='asdfasdf', #没什么用
        show_hidden_initial = False,# 默认是false,设置成True 复制一行代码，右击界面查看源码
        # validators=[]  自定制验证规则，可以自己写表达式
        #label_suffix = '->' #Label内容后缀
    )
    age = fields.IntegerField(
        label='年龄',
        label_suffix='--->',
        max_value=100,
        min_value=5,
        error_messages={
            'max_value': '太大了'
        }
    )
#EmailField 是一个类，继承了CharField类，（看源码）,所以它有CharField的所有属性
    email = fields.EmailField(
       # label='邮箱'  #如果不设置，默认是英文email 字段名称
        initial='zhangsan@qq.com' #给字段设置默认值
    )



def test(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        #obj = TestForm({'user':'alex','age':28,'email':'zhaosan@qq.com'}) #初始化指定默认值  如果是多选用列表
        obj = TestForm()  #前台界面输入<p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 会自动生成对话框（因为自动生成了代码）
        #方法一、如果前台渲染出对话框需要加safe： 我是text标签 {{ text |safe }}
        text = "<input type = 'text'/>"
        #方法二、此时前台无需加safe
        from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
        text =mark_safe(text)
        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj,'text':text})
    else:
        obj = TestForm(request.POST,request.FILES) #文件必须加request.FILES
        obj.is_valid()
        print('执行结果',obj.cleaned_data)
        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>我是test界面</h1>
    我是text标签 {{ text  }}
    <form method="post" action="/test/" novalidate >
        {% csrf_token %}
        <p>{{ obj.user.label }} {{ obj.user }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.age.label }}{{ obj.age }}</p>
        <p>{{ obj.email.label }}{{ obj.email }}</p>
        <p><input type="submit"></p>
    </form>

    </body>
    </html>

test.html

Form表单如果后台是用ajax 案列：

1、ajax只能用HttpResponse返回，用redirect跳转无反应

2、json可以dump的只有常用python类型（列表，元组，字典），类无法dump

3、ajax 用 window.location.href = "http://www.baidu.com" //跳转到百度界面

4、ajax里用 data:$('#fm').serialize(), 提交整个表单

5、 dataType:'JSON', 指定数据类型

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models

class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
    price = fields.IntegerField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        widget=widgets.Select(
            choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'jack'),(2,'wusir')]
        )
    )
    #json可以dump的只有常用python类型（列表，元组，字典） ，类无法dump
def ajax(request):
    if request.method=='GET':
        obj = AjaxForm()
        return render(request,'ajax.html',{'obj':obj})
    else:
        ret = {'status':'杨戬','message':None}
        import  json
        obj = AjaxForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            print('验证成功')
            ret['status'] = 'yes'
            print('验证成功23',obj.cleaned_data,ret,type(ret),json.dumps(ret),type(json.dumps(ret)))
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) #ajax当时只能用HttpResponse返回
            # return redirect('https://www.baidu.com/') #因为是ajax提交的，不是form提交 所以不会有任何反应
        else:
            # print(obj.errors.as_ul())   错误信息默认的类型
            # print(obj.errors.as_json())  错误的其他类型
            # print(obj.errors.as_data())
            print(type(obj.errors),obj.errors)
            from django.forms.utils import ErrorDict
            ret['message'] = obj.errors
            print('验证失败',obj.errors)
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

views.py

"""Django_lesson21 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^ajax/', v2.ajax),

]

url.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>我是ajax界面</h1>
    <form id="fm" method="post" action="/ajax/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ obj.as_p }}
        <input type="button" value="ajax提交" id="btn">
    </form>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.1.1.js"></script>
<script>

    $(function () {
        $('#btn').click(function () {
            $.ajax({
                url:'/ajax/',
                type:'POST',
                dataType:'JSON',
                data:$('#fm').serialize(),
                success:function (arg) {
                    if (arg.status == 'yes') {
                        window.location.href = "http://www.baidu.com"  //跳转到百度界面
                    }
                    console.log(arg,typeof (arg),arg.status)
                }
            }
            )

        })
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

ajax.html

Form表单扩展方法

1、自定义方法验证每个字段 self._clean_fields()

自定义方法 clean_字段名
必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
如果出错：raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
obj.is_valid() form表单是在这进行验证，可以看源码

案列：

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
    username = fields.CharField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        widget=widgets.Select(
            choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'jack'),(2,'wusir')]
        )
    )
    # 自定义方法  clean_字段名
    # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
    # 如果出错：raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
    def clean_username(self):  # 当正则表达式通过后执行clean_username的方法  username是字段方法
        v = self.cleaned_data['username']
        if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
            # 整体错了  一个字段错误，就是整体错误
            print('结果1',v)
            raise ValidationError('用户名已经存在')  # 当字段存在 自己详细错误信息
        return v  # 必须返回值
    def clean_user_id(self):# 当正则表达式通过后执行clean_user_id的方法    user_id是字段名
        return self.cleaned_data['user_id']  # 必须返回值

    #json可以dump的只有常用python类型（列表，元组，字典） ，类无法dump
def ajax(request):
    if request.method=='GET':
        obj = AjaxForm()
        return render(request,'ajax.html',{'obj':obj})
    else:
        ret = {'status':'杨戬','message':None}
        import  json
        obj = AjaxForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            print('验证成功')
            ret['status'] = 'yes'
            print('验证成功23',obj.cleaned_data,ret,type(ret),json.dumps(ret),type(json.dumps(ret)))
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) #ajax当时只能用HttpResponse返回
            # return redirect('https://www.baidu.com/') #因为是ajax提交的，不是form提交 所以不会有任何反应
        else:
            # print(obj.errors.as_ul())   错误信息默认的类型
            # print(obj.errors.as_json())  错误的其他类型
            # print(obj.errors.as_data())
            print(type(obj.errors),obj.errors)
            from django.forms.utils import ErrorDict
            ret['message'] = obj.errors
            print('验证失败',obj.errors)
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

views.py

"""Django_lesson21 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^ajax/', v2.ajax),

]

url.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>我是ajax界面</h1>
    <form id="fm" method="post" action="/ajax/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ obj.as_p }}
        <input type="button" value="ajax提交" id="btn">
    </form>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.1.1.js"></script>
<script>

    $(function () {
        $('#btn').click(function () {
            $.ajax({
                url:'/ajax/',
                type:'POST',
                dataType:'JSON',
                data:$('#fm').serialize(),
                success:function (arg) {
                    if (arg.status == 'yes') {
                        window.location.href = "http://www.baidu.com"  //跳转到百度界面
                    }
                    console.log(arg,typeof (arg),arg.status)
                }
            }
            )

        })
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

ajax.html

from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    email = models.EmailField()
    price = models.IntegerField()
# Create your models here.

models.py

2、Form表单自定义方法（clean方法）验证所有字段 self._clean_form()

重置 clean方法完成所有字段验证

from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    email = models.EmailField()
    price = models.IntegerField()
# Create your models here.

models.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>我是ajax界面</h1>
    <form id="fm" method="post" action="/ajax/">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ obj.as_p }}
        <input type="button" value="ajax提交" id="btn">
    </form>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.1.1.js"></script>
<script>

    $(function () {
        $('#btn').click(function () {
            $.ajax({
                url:'/ajax/',
                type:'POST',
                dataType:'JSON',
                data:$('#fm').serialize(),
                success:function (arg) {
                    if (arg.status == 'yes') {
                        window.location.href = "http://www.baidu.com"  //跳转到百度界面
                    }
                    console.log(arg,typeof (arg),arg.status)
                }
            }
            )

        })
    })
</script>

</body>
</html>

ajax.html

"""Django_lesson21 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^ajax/', v2.ajax),

]

urls.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
    username = fields.CharField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        widget=widgets.Select(
            choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'jack'),(2,'wusir')]
        )
    )
    # 自定义方法  clean_字段名
    # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
    # 如果出错：raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
    def clean_username(self):  # 当正则表达式通过后执行clean_username的方法  username是字段方法
        v = self.cleaned_data['username']
        if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
            # 整体错了  一个字段错误，就是整体错误
            print('结果1',v)
            raise ValidationError('用户名已经存在')  # 当字段存在 自己详细错误信息
        return v  # 必须返回值
    def clean_user_id(self):# 当正则表达式通过后执行clean_user_id的方法    user_id是字段名
        return self.cleaned_data['user_id']  # 必须返回值

    #所有字段 整体验证
    def clean(self):
        value_dict = self.cleaned_data
        v1 = value_dict.get('username')
        v2 = value_dict.get('user_id')
        if v1 == 'root' and v2 == 1:
            raise ValidationError('所有字段验证,整体错误 信息')
        return self.cleaned_data
    #json可以dump的只有常用python类型（列表，元组，字典） ，类无法dump
def ajax(request):
    if request.method=='GET':
        obj = AjaxForm()
        return render(request,'ajax.html',{'obj':obj})
    else:
        ret = {'status':'杨戬','message':None}
        import  json
        obj = AjaxForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():   #在这进行验证
            print('验证成功')
            ret['status'] = 'yes'
            print('验证成功23',obj.cleaned_data,ret,type(ret),json.dumps(ret),type(json.dumps(ret)))
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) #ajax当时只能用HttpResponse返回
            # return redirect('https://www.baidu.com/') #因为是ajax提交的，不是form提交 所以不会有任何反应
        else:
            # print(obj.errors.as_ul())   错误信息默认的类型
            # print(obj.errors.as_json())  错误的其他类型
            # print(obj.errors.as_data())
            print(type(obj.errors),obj.errors)
            from django.forms.utils import ErrorDict
            ret['message'] = obj.errors
            print('验证失败',obj.errors)
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

views.py

实时更新案列

方法一、

此时如果向数据库增加数据，前台不会更新，需要重启项目才会数据更新， pyhton manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8080

from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models
class LoveForm(forms.Form):
    price = fields.IntegerField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'jack'),(2,'wusir')]) # 这样写就写死了
        widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','username')) #从数据库里提取数据
    )

def love(request):
    obj = LoveForm()
    return render(request,'love.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)

models.py

"""Django_lesson21 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^love/', v2.love),
]

url.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>我是爱你的</h1>
    <h1>有缘千里来交配</h1>
    <p>价格：{{ obj.price }}</p>
    <p>姑娘：{{ obj.user_id }}</p>
</body>
</html>

love.html

　　解决上面的问题：　增加下面的内容

 # 只要创建对象就会执行__init_ - 方法 ，此时就不用重启了。这样就可以实时更新了。也是自定制功能
    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): # 初始化方法
        super(LoveForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)  #继承父类
        # 拷贝所有的静态字段，复制给self.fields,需要先进行赋值，否则无法找到
        #     所以  # self.fields 不能放在super上面
        self.fields['user_id'].widget.choices=models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','username')

　代码：其他不变，变得只有views.py文件

from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models
class LoveForm(forms.Form):
    price = fields.IntegerField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'jack'),(2,'wusir')]) # 这样写就写死了
        widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','username')) #从数据库里提取数据
    )

    # 只要创建对象就会执行__init_ - 方法 ，此时就不用重启了。这样就可以实时更新了。也是自定制功能
    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): # 初始化方法
        super(LoveForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)  #继承父类
        # 拷贝所有的静态字段，复制给self.fields,需要先进行赋值，否则无法找到
        #     所以  # self.fields 不能放在super上面
        self.fields['user_id'].widget.choices=models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','username')

def love(request):
    obj = LoveForm()
    return render(request,'love.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

方法二、

通过ModelChoiceField 完成实时更新，不建议使用

此方法需要在models.py文件定义__str__方法：否则返回的是类型 object

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

from django.shortcuts import render
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from app01 import models
from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField
class LoveForm(forms.Form):
    price = fields.IntegerField()
    user_id = fields.IntegerField(
        # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'jack'),(2,'wusir')]) # 这样写就写死了
        widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','username')) #从数据库里提取数据
    )
    user_id2 = ModelChoiceField(
        queryset=models.UserInfo.objects.all(),
        to_field_name='id' #表示已那一列作为value  右击看代码，它可以做到实时更新，不建议使用，前台显示汉子 需要modle定义str方法
    )

    # 只要创建对象就会执行__init_ - 方法 ，此时就不用重启了。这样就可以实时更新了。也是自定制功能
    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): # 初始化方法
        super(LoveForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)  #继承父类
        # 拷贝所有的静态字段，复制给self.fields,需要先进行赋值，否则无法找到
        #     所以  # self.fields 不能放在super上面
        self.fields['user_id'].widget.choices=models.UserInfo.objects.all().values_list('id','username')

def love(request):
    obj = LoveForm()
    return render(request,'love.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

models.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>我是爱你的</h1>
    <h1>有缘千里来交配</h1>
    <p>价格：{{ obj.price }}</p>
    <p>姑娘：{{ obj.user_id }}</p>
    <p>姑娘2：{{ obj.user_id2 }}</p>
</body>
</html>

love.html

"""Django_lesson21 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Add an import:  from blog import urls as blog_urls
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include(blog_urls))
"""
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
from app02 import views as v2
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^love/', v2.love),
]

urls.py

在使用选择标签时，需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取，但是由于是静态字段 ***获取的值无法实时更新***，那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。

方式一：

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
class MyForm(Form):
 
    user = fields.ChoiceField(
        # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
        initial=2,
        widget=widgets.Select
    )
 
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
        # 或
        self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption')

方式二：

使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段来实现

from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import models as form_model
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
class FInfo(forms.Form):
    authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
    # authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())

自定义验证规则

方式一：

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
class MyForm(Form):
    user = fields.CharField(
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
    )

方式二：

import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 
 
# 自定义验证规则
def mobile_validate(value):
    mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
    if not mobile_re.match(value):
        raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')
 
 
class PublishForm(Form):
 
 
    title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
                            min_length=5,
                            error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',
                                            'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
                                            'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
                                                          'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))
 
 
    # 使用自定义验证规则
    phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
                            error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
                                                          'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))
 
    email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
                            error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))

方法三：自定义方法

from django import forms
    from django.forms import fields
    from django.forms import widgets
    from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
    from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
    class FInfo(forms.Form):
        username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
                                    validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
        email = fields.EmailField()
 
        def clean_username(self):
            """
            Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后，执行此方法进行验证
            :return:
            """
            value = self.cleaned_data['username']
            if "666" in value:
                raise ValidationError('666已经被玩烂了...', 'invalid')
            return value

方式四：同时生成多个标签进行验证

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
 
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
 
############## 自定义字段 ##############
class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Define one message for all fields.
        error_messages = {
            'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
        }
        # Or define a different message for each field.
        f = (
            fields.CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
                validators=[
                    RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
                ],
            ),
            fields.CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
            ),
            fields.CharField(
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
                required=False,
            ),
        )
        super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,
                                         **kwargs)
 
    def compress(self, data_list):
        """
        当用户验证都通过后，该值返回给用户
        :param data_list:
        :return:
        """
        return data_list
 
############## 自定义插件 ##############
class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        ws = (
            widgets.TextInput(),
            widgets.TextInput(),
            widgets.TextInput(),
        )
        super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws)
 
    def decompress(self, value):
        """
        处理初始值，当初始值initial不是列表时，调用该方法
        :param value:
        :return:
        """
        if value:
            return value.split(',')
        return [None, None, None]

初始化数据

在Web应用程序中开发编写功能时，时常用到获取数据库中的数据并将值初始化在HTML中的标签上。

1、Form

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
 
class MyForm(Form):
    user = fields.CharField()
 
    city = fields.ChoiceField(
        choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
        widget=widgets.Select
    )

2、Views

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import MyForm
 
 
def index(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}
        obj = MyForm(values)
 
        return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        return redirect('http://www.google.com')
    else:
        return redirect('http://www.google.com')

3、HTML

<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>
 
    <input type="submit"/>
</form>

　综合案例　

1、通过自定义方法验证手机号

2、name字段如果包含金瓶2三个字报不符合价值观错误

3、密码和确认密码必须一致，如果不一致报密码不一致错误

4、所有字段验证通过插入数据库代码如下：

访问网址：http://127.0.0.1:8800/login2/

"""django11_8 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app1 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login2/', views.login2),
]

urls.py

from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=12,default='123')
    email = models.EmailField(null=True)
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,null=True)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class City(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(unique=True,max_length=16,null=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
# Create your models here.

models.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>这是login2界面</h1>
<form method="post" action="/login2/"  novalidate >
    {% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ obj_form.name.label }}   {{ obj_form.name }} {{ obj_form.errors.name.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj_form.email.label }}   {{ obj_form.email }} {{ obj_form.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj_form.pwd.label }}     {{ obj_form.pwd }} {{ obj_form.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj_form.re_pwd.label }}  {{ obj_form.re_pwd }} {{ obj_form.errors.re_pwd.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj_form.mobile.label }}  {{ obj_form.mobile }} {{ obj_form.errors.mobile.0 }}</p>
<p> {{ obj_form.city.label }} {{ obj_form.city }} {{ obj_form.errors.city.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

login2.html

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
from  app1 import models
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator #自定义验证方法需要导入（如验证手机号）
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
class MyForm(forms.Form):
    name=fields.CharField(
        min_length=6,
        max_length=12,
        label='用户名',
        error_messages={
            'min_length':'字段太短',
            'max_length':'字段太长'
        }

    )
    email= fields.EmailField(
        label='邮箱',
        error_messages={
            'invalid': '邮箱格式错误'
        }
    )
    pwd = fields.CharField(
        label='密码',
        min_length=6,
        max_length=12,
        error_messages={
            'min_length': '密码太短',
            'max_length': '密码太长',
            'required':'密码不允许为空'
        }
    )
    re_pwd = fields.CharField(
        label='确认密码',
        min_length=6,
        max_length=12,
        error_messages={
            'min_length': '密码太短',
            'max_length': '密码太长',
            'required': '确认密码不允许为空'
        }
    )
    mobile = fields.CharField(
        label='手机号',
        required=True,
        # 自己定制手机号校验规则
        validators=[
            RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '手机号必须是数字')
            , RegexValidator(r'^1[3-9][0-9]{9}$', '手机格式有误')
                    ],

    )
    city = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
        label='城市',
        choices=models.City.objects.all().values_list('id','name'), #设置数据源
        initial=[1,3]  #设置 默认值
    )
    #在MyForm类里自定义 name字段的验证属性  验证某一个字段
    def clean_name(self):
        username = self.cleaned_data['name']
        user2 = self.cleaned_data.get('name')
        print('username',username,self.cleaned_data,user2)
        if '金瓶2' in username:
            raise ValidationError('不符合社会主义价值观')
        return username
    #验证表里的所有字段  如验证两次输入 密码是否一致
    def clean(self):
        pwd_value = self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        re_pwd_value = self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd')
        if pwd_value !=re_pwd_value:
            # print('密码不一致')
            self.add_error('re_pwd','两次输入密码不一致')  #自定义添加一个错误
            raise ValidationError('两次输入密码不一致')
        return self.cleaned_data





def login2(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        city_list = models.City.objects.all().values_list('id','name')
        print('结果',city_list)
        obj_form = MyForm()
        return render(request,'login2.html',{'obj_form':obj_form})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        obj_form = MyForm(request.POST)
        if obj_form.is_valid():
            print('验证成功',obj_form.cleaned_data,obj_form.cleaned_data['name'])
            obj_dict= {}
            for x,v in obj_form.cleaned_data.items():
                if x in('name','pwd','mobile','email'):
                    obj_dict[x]=v
            print('obj_dict',obj_dict)
            models.UserInfo.objects.create(**obj_dict)
            return HttpResponse('登录成功')
        else:
            print('验证失败',obj_form.errors,type(obj_form.errors))
            # print('验证失败',obj_form.errors,obj_form.errors.get('name'),obj_form.errors.get('name')[0])
            # print('验证失败2',obj_form.errors['__all__'],obj_form.errors['__all__'][0])
            # print('验证失败2',obj_form.errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS],obj_form.errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS][0])
        return render(request,'login2.html',{"obj_form":obj_form})

views.py

posted @ 2018-11-10 20:50 奋斗的小孩_小小鸟阅读(278) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

奋斗的小孩_小小鸟

Django之Form组件

小试牛刀

Form类

案列如下：

常用选择插件

常用选择插件案列：

2、标签 加上 safe的使用案列

Form表单如果后台是用ajax 案列：

Form表单扩展方法

1、自定义方法验证每个字段 self._clean_fields()

2、Form表单自定义方法（clean方法）验证所有字段 self._clean_form()

实时更新案列

方法一、

方法二、

自定义验证规则

综合案例

公告

2、标签加上 safe的使用案列

　综合案例　