37-Web开发(上)

1. 静态资源配置

1.1 访问静态资源

（1）默认访问静态资源的方式：当前项目根路径 / + 静态资源名

（2）请求会先去找 Controller 看有没有对应的 HandlerMapping，不能处理的所有请求又都交给静态资源处理器 ResourceHttpRequestHandler，若静态资源也找不到则响应 404 页面。

（3）自定义静态资源访问前缀（默认：this.staticPathPattern = "/**"）

• 修改 application.yml 配置文件

  spring:
    mvc:
      static-path-pattern: /res/**
  

• 访问静态资源：当前项目 + static-path-pattern + 静态资源名 => 静态资源文件夹下找
  

（4）自定义静态资源存放目录

spring:
  web:
    resources:
      static-locations: [classpath:/res/]

（5）根据上图源码中 CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS 的默认配置，故可以自动映射 /webjars/**

1.2 welcome & favicon

welcome & favicon ← 使用这俩功能之前，必须要禁用〈访问前缀〉，否则会导致功能失效。

1.3 源码分析

SpringBoot 启动默认加载 xxxAutoConfiguration 类（自动配置类）→ SpringMVC 功能的自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 生效。

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})
@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)
@AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
            TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration { ... }

a. WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Import({WebMvcAutoConfiguration.EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class}) // => #1.3.b
@EnableConfigurationProperties({
    WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class, WebProperties.class
})
@Order(0)
public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    private final WebMvcProperties mvcProperties;
    private final ListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
    private final ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider;
    private final ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath;
    private final ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations;
    final WebMvcAutoConfiguration.ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer
                                            resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer;

    // ...

}

WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter 加载了如下 3 个配置类：

WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter 的唯一的构造器（有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定）：

public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(
        // 获取和 spring.web 绑定的所有的值的对象
        WebProperties webProperties,
        // 获取和 spring.mvc 绑定的所有的值的对象
        WebMvcProperties mvcProperties,
        // Spring 的 beanFactory
        ListableBeanFactory beanFactory,
        // 找到所有的 HttpMessageConverters
        ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
        // 找到「资源处理器的自定义器」
        ObjectProvider<WebMvcAutoConfiguration.ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer>
                                        resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider,
        // DispatcherServlet 能处理的请求路径
        ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath,
        // 给应用注册 Servlet、Filter ...
        ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) {

    this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
    this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
    this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
    this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer =
            (WebMvcAutoConfiguration.ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer)
                resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable();
    this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;
    this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations;
    this.mvcProperties.checkConfiguration();

    // ...
}

b. EnableWebMvcConfiguration

（1）静态资源的处理

@EnableConfigurationProperties({WebProperties.class})
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration
            extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(WebMvcConfigurer.class);
  private final Resources resourceProperties;
  private final WebMvcProperties mvcProperties;
  private final WebProperties webProperties;
  private final ListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
  private final WebMvcRegistrations mvcRegistrations;
  private final ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer;
  private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

  // ...

  protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
    // 若将 WebProperties.Resources.addMapping 设为 false，则禁用所有静态资源的配置！
    // 对应到配置文件：spring.resource.add-mapping
    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
        logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
    }
    else { // ↓ 静态资源映射规则 ↓
      ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
      this.addResourceHandler(registry, "/webjars/**", "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
      this.addResourceHandler(registry, this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(),
        (registration) -> {
          registration.addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
          if (servletContext != null) {
            registration.addResourceLocations(
                    new Resource[]{new ServletContextResource(servletContext, "/")});
          }
        });
    }
  }

  private void addResourceHandler(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry, String pattern, String... locations) {
    this.addResourceHandler(registry, pattern, (registration) -> {
        registration.addResourceLocations(locations);
    });
  }
}

通过 debug 查看：

默认的静态资源存放的 4 个位置信息存放在 WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter 加载的三个配置类之一 WebProperties 中：

@ConfigurationProperties("spring.web")
public class WebProperties {

  public static class Resources {
    private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[] {
                            "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/",
                            "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/"};
    private String[] staticLocations;

    // ...
}

（2）WelcomePage 处理规则

// HandlerMapping：处理器映射。保存了每一个 Handler 能处理哪些请求。

@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
        ApplicationContext applicationContext,
        FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService,
        ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
    // ====== ↓↓↓ StepInto ↓↓↓ ======
    WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
            new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext,
                this.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
    welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(
                    this.getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
    welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(this.getCorsConfigurations());
    return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
}

private Resource getWelcomePage() {
    for (String location : this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) {
        Resource indexHtml = getIndexHtml(location);
        if (indexHtml != null) {
            return indexHtml;
        }
    }
    ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
    if (servletContext != null) {
        return getIndexHtml(new ServletContextResource(servletContext, SERVLET_LOCATION));
    }
    return null;
}

// ························································································

final class WelcomePageHandlerMapping extends AbstractUrlHandlerMapping {
  private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(WelcomePageHandlerMapping.class);
  private static final List<MediaType> MEDIA_TYPES_ALL;

  WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
        ApplicationContext applicationContext, Resource welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
    // '/**' 是在这里写死了的！所以就解释了为什么配置静态资源访问前缀后，WelcomePage 会失效的原因！
    if (welcomePage != null && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
        logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage);
        this.setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
    } else if (this.welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
        logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
        this.setRootViewName("index");
    }
  }

 // ...

}

2. Rest 风格

2.1 使用

Rest 风格支持（使用 HTTP 请求方式动词来表示对资源的操作）

动作	以前	现在
获取用户	/getUser	GET - /user
删除用户	/deleteUser	DELETE - /user
修改用户	/editUser	PUT - /user
修改用户	/saveUser	POST - /user

【用法】表单 method=post、隐藏域 _method=put/delete

• WebMvcAutoConfiguration

  @Bean
  @ConditionalOnMissingBean({HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class})
  @ConditionalOnProperty(
      prefix = "spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter",
      name = {"enabled"},
      matchIfMissing = false
  ) // => 需要手动开启
  public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
      return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter();
  }
  

• application.yml

  spring:
    mvc:
      hiddenmethod:
        filter:
          enabled: true
  

2.2 源码

OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter

public class OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter
                    extends HiddenHttpMethodFilter implements OrderedFilter {

    public static final int DEFAULT_ORDER = -10000;
    private int order = -10000;

    public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter() {}

    public int getOrder() {
        return this.order;
    }

    public void setOrder(int order) {
        this.order = order;
    }
}

HiddenHttpMethodFilter

private static final List<String> ALLOWED_METHODS; // PUT、DELETE、PATCH
public static final String DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM = "_method";
private String methodParam = "_method";

protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
        HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
  HttpServletRequest requestToUse = request;
    if ("POST".equals(request.getMethod()) && request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception") == null) {
      String paramValue = request.getParameter(this.methodParam);
      if (StringUtils.hasLength(paramValue)) {
        String method = paramValue.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
        if (ALLOWED_METHODS.contains(method)) {
          requestToUse = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter.HttpMethodRequestWrapper(request, method);
        }
      }
  }

  filterChain.doFilter((ServletRequest)requestToUse, response);
}

private static class HttpMethodRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    private final String method;

    public HttpMethodRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, String method) {
        super(request);
        this.method = method;
    }

    public String getMethod() {
        return this.method;
    }
}

• 表单提交会带上 _method=PUT，请求过来被 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 拦截
  • 请求是否正常，并且是 POST；
  • 获取到 _method 的值 → 兼容以下请求：PUT、DELETE、PATCH
• 对原生 Request 采用包装模式（RequestWrapper），重写 getMethod 方法，使其返回的是 _method 的值。FilterChain 放行的时候将代表本次请求的 Request 对象替换成了 RequesWrapper，所以，之后对于 Request 的调用实际是调用 RequesWrapper 的；
• Rest 使用客户端工具（如 PostMan），可以直接发送 put、delete 等方式的请求（request.getMethod() 直接就是选定的请求方式），也即：无需进入 doFilter 方法。

2.3 扩展

请求参数名如果不想用 _method 呢？怎么实现？

问题切入点：

public class HiddenHttpMethodFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    private static final List<String> ALLOWED_METHODS;
    public static final String DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM = "_method";
    private String methodParam = "_method";

    public void setMethodParam(String methodParam) {
        Assert.hasText(methodParam, "'methodParam' must not be empty");
        this.methodParam = methodParam;
    }

    // ...

}

自己向容器中注册一个 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 类型的 Bean，并设置 methodParam 属性的值：

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class MyConfig {

    @Bean
    public HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
        HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
        hiddenHttpMethodFilter.setMethodParam("_rest");
        return hiddenHttpMethodFilter;
    }

}

3. 请求映射原理

3.1 doDispatch

protected void doDispatch(request, response) throws Exception {

  HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
  HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
  boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
  WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

  ModelAndView mv = null;
  Object dispatchException = null;

  processedRequest = this.checkMultipart(request);
  multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request;

  // 调用 HandlerMapping 获取该 Handler 配置的所有相关对象（包括 Handler 以
  // 及对应的 interceptors），最终以 HandlerExecutionChain 对象的形式返回。
  mappedHandler = this.getHandler(processedRequest);
  if (mappedHandler == null) {
    this.noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
    return;
  }

  HandlerAdapter ha = this.getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

  String method = request.getMethod();
  boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
  if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
    long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
    if ((new ServletWebRequest(request, response)).checkNotModified(lastModified)&&isGet) {
      return;
    }
  }

  if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) return;

  mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

  if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) return;

  this.applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
  mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);

  this.processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);

}

3.2 getHandler

• RequestMappingHandlerMapping：保存了所有 @RequestMapping 与 handler 的映射规则。
• WelcomePageHandlerMapping：有独立地处理主页请求的 HandlerMapping。

这两个 HandlerMapping 是在 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 中初始化的（也可以自定义 HandlerMapping）。

AbstractHandlerMapping

@Override
@Nullable
public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request)  {
  // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ Step Into ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
  Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);

  if (handler == null) { handler = getDefaultHandler(); }
  if (handler == null) { return null; }

  // Bean name or resolved handler?
  if (handler instanceof String) {
    String handlerName = (String) handler;
    handler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
  }

  // Ensure presence of cached lookupPath for interceptors and others
  if (!ServletRequestPathUtils.hasCachedPath(request)) { initLookupPath(request); }

  HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);

  if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    logger.trace("Mapped to " + handler);
  } else if (logger.isDebugEnabled()
              && !request.getDispatcherType().equals(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {
    logger.debug("Mapped to " + executionChain.getHandler());
  }

  if (hasCorsConfigurationSource(handler) || CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
    CorsConfiguration config = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
    if (getCorsConfigurationSource() != null) {
      CorsConfiguration globalConfig = getCorsConfigurationSource().getCorsConfiguration(request);
      config = (globalConfig != null ? globalConfig.combine(config) : config);
    }
    if (config != null) {
      config.validateAllowCredentials();
    }
    executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
  }

  return executionChain;
}

RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping

@Override
protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) {
  request.removeAttribute(PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);
  try {
    // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ Step Into ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
    return super.getHandlerInternal(request);
  } finally {
    ProducesRequestCondition.clearMediaTypesAttribute(request);
  }
}

/**
 * Look up a handler method for the given request.
 */
@Override
protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) {
  String lookupPath = initLookupPath(request);

  this.mappingRegistry.acquireReadLock();

  try {
    // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ Step Into ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
    HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request);
    return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null);
  }
  finally {
    this.mappingRegistry.releaseReadLock();
  }
}

/**
 * Look up the best-matching handler method for the current request.
 * If multiple matches are found, the best match is selected.
 * @param lookupPath mapping lookup path within the current servlet mapping
 * @param request the current request
 * @return the best-matching handler method, or null if no match
 */
@Nullable
protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) {
  List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<>();
  List<T> directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByDirectPath(lookupPath);
  if (directPathMatches != null) {
    addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
  }
  if (matches.isEmpty()) {
    addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getRegistrations().keySet(), matches, request);
  }
  if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
    Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
    // @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    // @RequestMapping(value = "/user")
    // 同时有上面这俩映射规则，就可以进到下面这个 if 了
    if (matches.size() > 1) {
      Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
      matches.sort(comparator);
      bestMatch = matches.get(0);
      if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace(matches.size() + " matching mappings: " + matches);
      }
      if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
        for (Match match : matches) {
          if (match.hasCorsConfig()) {
            return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH;
          }
        }
      } else {
        Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
        if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
          Method m1 = bestMatch.getHandlerMethod().getMethod();
          Method m2 = secondBestMatch.getHandlerMethod().getMethod();
          String uri = request.getRequestURI();
          throw new IllegalStateException(
            "Ambiguous handler methods mapped for '" + uri + "': {" + m1 + ", " + m2 + "}");
          }
        }
      }
      request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE, bestMatch.getHandlerMethod());
      handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
      return bestMatch.getHandlerMethod();
    } else {
      return handleNoMatch(
              this.mappingRegistry.getRegistrations().keySet(), lookupPath, request);
    }
}

3.3 处理方法形参

3.3.1 分为 4 类

• 注解修饰：@PathVariable、@RequestHeader、@CookieValue、@ModelAttribute、@RequestBody、@RequestParam、@RequestAttribute、@MatrixVariable
• Servlet API
• 复杂类型：Map、Model（里面的数据会被放在 request 的请求域 request.setAttribute）、Errors/BindingResult、RedirectAttributes（ 重定向携带数据）、ServletResponse（response）、SessionStatus、UriComponentsBuilder、ServletUriComponentsBuilder
• 自定义对象

3.3.2 测试常用注解

// ==== @PathVariable、@RequestHeader、@RequestParam、@CookieValue ====

@ResponseBody
@GetMapping("/car/{id}/owner/{username}")
public Map<String,Object> getCar(
        @PathVariable("id") Integer id,
        @PathVariable("username") String name,
        // If the method parameter is Map<String, String>, then the map
        // is populated with all path variable names and values.
        @PathVariable Map<String,String> pv,
        @RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent,
        @RequestHeader Map<String,String> header, // 同上
        @RequestParam("age") Integer age,
        @RequestParam("inters") List<String> inters,
        @RequestParam Map<String,String> params,  // 同上
        @CookieValue("_ga") String _ga,
        @CookieValue("_ga") Cookie cookie) {

    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

    // map.put("id", id);
    // map.put("name", name);
    // map.put("pv", pv);
    // map.put("userAgent", userAgent);
    // map.put("headers", header);
    map.put("age", age);
    map.put("inters", inters);
    map.put("params", params);
    map.put("_ga", _ga);
    System.out.println(cookie.getName() + "===>" + cookie.getValue());
    return map;
}

// ================ @RequestBody ================

@ResponseBody
@PostMapping("/param")
public Map<String, String> handle(
        @RequestParam Map<String, String> paramMap,
        @RequestBody String reqContent) { // 请求体
    System.out.println(reqContent); // username=aaa
    return paramMap;
}

// ============== @RequestAttribute ==============

@GetMapping("reqScope")
public String gotoSuccess(HttpServletRequest request) {
    request.setAttribute("abc", "123");
    return "forward:/success";
}

@GetMapping("success")
@ResponseBody
public String success(@RequestAttribute("abc") String reqScope) {
    return reqScope;
}

3.3.3 @MatrixVariable

/ 之间是一个整体，其中第一个 ; 之前是请求路径，即 @PathVariable 路径变量，之后每一个 ; 隔开的才是 @MatrixVariable 矩阵变量，也就是说是在每个路径变量里绑定多个矩阵变量。

@RestController
public class MatrixController {

    // 请求路径：/cars/sell;low=34;brand=byd,audi,yd
    @GetMapping("/cars/{path}")
    public Map carsSell(
            @PathVariable("path") String path,
            @MatrixVariable("low") Integer low,
            @MatrixVariable("brand") List<String> brand) {
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("path", path); // sell
        map.put("low", low);   // 34
        map.put("brand", brand);
        return map;
    }

    // 请求路径：/boss/1;age=20/2;age=10
    @GetMapping("/boss/{bossId}/{empId}")
    public Map boss(
            @PathVariable("bossId") String bossId,
            @PathVariable("empId") String empId,
            @MatrixVariable(value = "age", pathVar = "bossId") Integer bossAge,
            @MatrixVariable(value = "age", pathVar = "empId") Integer empAge) {
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("bossId", bossId);
        map.put("empId", empId);
        map.put("bossAge", bossAge);
        map.put("empAge", empAge);
        return map;
    }
}

矩阵变量可以出现在任何路径片段中，每一个矩阵变量都用分号隔开。比如 “/cars;color=red;year=2012”。多个值可以用逗号隔开，比如 “color=red,green,blue”或者分开写 “color=red;color=green;color=blue”。

矩阵变量必须有〈url 路径变量〉才能被解析，但 SpringBoot 默认是禁用了矩阵变量的功能，所以须手动开启 → 对于路径的处理是用 UrlPathHelper 进行解析，属性 removeSemicolonContent（移除分号内容）用来支持矩阵变量的。

• WebMvcAutoConfiguration
  
• UrlPathHelper 的 removeSemicolonContent 属性默认值为 true
  
• 自定义 UrlPathHelper 开启矩阵变量的功能
  

3.4 getHandlerAdapter

// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

index=0 支持方法上标注 @RequestMapping 的 handler。

3.5 handle

3.5.1 参数&返回值

【参数解析器】 SpringMVC 目标方法能写多少种参数类型。取决于参数解析器。

Servlet API → ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver
POJO → ModelAttributeMethodProcessor

【返回值处理器】

3.5.2 调用目标方法

InvocableHandlerMethod

/**
 * Invoke the method after resolving its argument values in the context of the given request.
 * <p>Argument values are commonly resolved through
 * {@link HandlerMethodArgumentResolver HandlerMethodArgumentResolvers}.
 * The {@code providedArgs} parameter however may supply argument values to be used directly,
 * i.e. without argument resolution. Examples of provided argument values include a
 * {@link WebDataBinder}, a {@link SessionStatus}, or a thrown exception instance.
 * Provided argument values are checked before argument resolvers.
 * <p>Delegates to {@link #getMethodArgumentValues} and calls {@link #doInvoke} with the
 * resolved arguments.
 */
@Nullable
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request,
        @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
    	Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

    // ===== ↓↓↓↓ 获取参数值 ↓↓↓↓ =====
    Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    	logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));
    }
    // ===== 执行目标方法 =====
    return doInvoke(args);
}

3.5.3 先确定请求参数

InvocableHandlerMethod

/**
 * Get the method argument values for the current request, checking the provided
 * argument values and falling back to the configured argument resolvers.
 */
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request,
      @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

  MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
  if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
    return EMPTY_ARGS;
  }

  Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];

  for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
    MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
    parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
    args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
    if (args[i] != null) {
      continue;
    }
    // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ (1) 找出 27 个参数解析器中支持解析这个参数的(下图之后的代码块) ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
    if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
    }
    try {
      // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ (2) 下一个方法(url上参数的拆分结果放在uriTemplateVars) ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
      args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(
                        parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      // Leave stack trace for later, exception may actually be resolved and handled...
      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        String exMsg = ex.getMessage();
        if (exMsg != null && !exMsg.contains(parameter.getExecutable().toGenericString())) {
          logger.debug(formatArgumentError(parameter, exMsg));
        }
      }
      throw ex;
    }
  }
  return args;
}

/**
 * Iterate over registered HandlerMethodArgumentResolvers
 * and invoke the one that supports it.
 */
@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveArgument(
    MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
    NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) {
  // 直接从上一步的缓存中拿出解析器对当前参数解析
  HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver = getArgumentResolver(parameter);
  if (resolver == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported parameter type [" +
        parameter.getParameterType().getName() + "]. supportsParameter should be called first.");
  }
  // 解析器处理参数 (详见 AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver，即下下个代码块)
  return resolver.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, webRequest, binderFactory);
}

HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite

@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
    return getArgumentResolver(parameter) != null;
}

/**
 * Find a registered HandlerMethodArgumentResolver that supports
 * the given method parameter.
 */
@Nullable
private HandlerMethodArgumentResolver getArgumentResolver(MethodParameter parameter) {
    // b. 下次再拿的时候，直接从缓存中拿，就不用进下面的代码了 -> 上一个代码块的(2)
    HandlerMethodArgumentResolver result = this.argumentResolverCache.get(parameter);
    if (result == null) {
        for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver : this.argumentResolvers) {
            if (resolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
                result = resolver;
                // a. [找到了~] 把参数处理的对应关系放到缓存中 -> 上一个代码块的(1)
                this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

所有参数解析器都继承自 AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver（impl HandlerMethodArgumentResolver）：

@Override
@Nullable
public final Object resolveArgument(
    MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
    NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) {

  NamedValueInfo namedValueInfo = getNamedValueInfo(parameter);
  MethodParameter nestedParameter = parameter.nestedIfOptional();

  // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ Step Into ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
  Object arg = resolveName(resolvedName.toString(), nestedParameter, webRequest);

  // ... 省略一堆判断 ...

  // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ Step Into ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
  handleResolvedValue(arg, namedValueInfo.name, parameter, mavContainer, webRequest);

  return arg;
}

以 PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver.resolveArgument() 内部调用的 resolveName/handle 方法为例：

3.5.4 请求域里放数据

Model、Map 类型的参数，会分别被参数解析器中的 [19] ModelMethodProcessor 和 [20] MapMethodProcessor 所支持，底层给形参赋值时均是调用 mavContainer.getModel()。

将 Model/Map 中的数据放到请求域的时机是目标方法执行之后，页面跳转之前。

3.6 自定义参数类型

3.6.1 WebDataBinder

POJO 参数的解析器：ModelAttributeMethodProcessor

@Override
@Nullable
public final Object resolveArgument(
        MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
        NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) {

  String name = ModelFactory.getNameForParameter(parameter);
  ModelAttribute ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class);
  if (ann != null) {
    mavContainer.setBinding(name, ann.binding());
  }

  Object attribute = null;
  BindingResult bindingResult = null;

  if (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name)) {
    attribute = mavContainer.getModel().get(name);
  } else {
    // Create attribute instance
    attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest);
  }

  if (bindingResult == null) {
    // Bean property binding and validation;
    // skipped in case of binding failure on construction.
    WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
    if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
      if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
        // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ Step Into ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
        bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest);
      }
      validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
      if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
        throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
      }
    }
    // Value type adaptation, also covering java.util.Optional
    if (!parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute)) {
      attribute = binder.convertIfNecessary(
              binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
    }
    bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult();
  }

  // Add resolved attribute and BindingResult at the end of the model
  Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = bindingResult.getModel();
  mavContainer.removeAttributes(bindingResultModel);
  mavContainer.addAllAttributes(bindingResultModel);

  return attribute;
}

@Override
protected void bindRequestParameters(WebDataBinder binder, NativeWebRequest request) {
  ServletRequest servletRequest = request.getNativeRequest(ServletRequest.class);
  Assert.state(servletRequest != null, "No ServletRequest");
  ServletRequestDataBinder servletBinder = (ServletRequestDataBinder) binder;
  // ===== ↓↓↓↓↓ Step Into ↓↓↓↓↓ =====
  servletBinder.bind(servletRequest);
}

ServletRequestBinder → WebDataBinder → DataBinder：

数据绑定分两步：① 将‘字符串’转换成指定‘属性类型’；② 通过反射赋值到属性。从上图中的 setPropertyValues 方法进去，就是下图 for 循环遍历 PropertyValue 的所在方法：

GenericConversionService：在设置字段值的时候，找它里面可以将这个数据类型转换到指定类型的 converter。

3.6.2 自定义类型转换器

index.html

<form action="/saveperson" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="name">
    <input type="text" name="age">
    <input type="text" name="pet" value="猫猫,1">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

Converter<S, T>

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Converter<S, T> {
    @Nullable
    T convert(S var1);

    default <U> Converter<S, U> andThen(Converter<? super T, ? extends U> after) {
        Assert.notNull(after, "After Converter must not be null");
        return (s) -> {
            T initialResult = this.convert(s);
            return initialResult != null ? after.convert(initialResult) : null;
        };
    }
}

WebMvcConfigurer

MyConfig

@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer() {
    return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
        @Override
        public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) {
            UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
            urlPathHelper.setRemoveSemicolonContent(false);
            configurer.setUrlPathHelper(urlPathHelper);
        }

        @Override
        public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
            registry.addConverter(new Converter<String, Pet>() {
                @Override
                public Pet convert(String source) {
                    if (StringUtils.hasLength(source)) {
                        Pet pet = new Pet();
                        String[] vars = source.split(",");
                        pet.setNickname(vars[0]);
                        pet.setAge(Integer.parseInt(vars[1]));
                        return pet;
                    }
                    return null;
                }
            });
        }
    };
}