【研究生考试 - 英语真题积累】第三部分

9月28日

单词

• eightfold adj. 八倍的

• filed v. 回复

• supplement vt. 增补 | n. 补遗, 补编

• analogy n. 类似

• envision vt. 想像,展望

• deduce vt. 推论，推断

• deduction n. 扣除, 减除，扣除的量；推演, 推理

• encompass vt. 围绕

• diagnosis n. 〈医〉诊断法; 诊断结论

• spouse n. 配偶, 夫或妻

• chronological adj. 按时间的前后顺序排列的

• weather vt. 经受（长时间的困难）

• attendant n. 服务人员；伴随物 | adj. 伴随的；护理的

词组

• be deprived of 被剥夺

• be compensate for 补偿……

• the average Joe (喻指) 普通人

• pink ship 解雇通知书

• lay off 解雇

• absorb the risk 承担风险

• interest rates 利率

• harsh reality 残酷的现实

• trade A for B 拿A换B

• count on 依靠, 指望

句型

From the middle-class family perspective, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.

在中产阶级家庭看来，可以理解的是，这种状况大致看起来远不像一次可以履行更多经济责任的机会，而更像是令人可怕地加速把经济风险全盘转移到他们已经负担过重地肩上。

The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

经济影响已经开始了，政治上的影响可能不会远了。

9月29日

单词

• feeble adj. 虚弱的

• leakage n. 漏, 漏出

• contractor n. (建筑、监造中的)承包人

• intricate adj. 错综复杂的

• vulnerability n. 弱点,攻击

• asset n. 资产；有用的东西；有利条件；优点

• redundancy n. 过多，冗余

• dim adj. 暗淡的

• justified adj. 有正当理由的，合理的

• overshadow vt. 使(某物)被遮暗;使阴暗；使(某事物)令人不快或减少乐趣；使(某人)相形见绌或黯然失色

词组

• put right 使恢复正常；校正

• peer into 窥探，窥视

• state of affairs 事态，情势

• go astray 被窃或丢失

• do the rounds 从一个人传播到另一个人

• put sb. on notice 通知某人

句型

Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them —— especially in America —— the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data security.

当老板和董事会终于解决了最棘手的财务和违规问题，并改善了公司脆弱的管理机制后，又有一个新问题出现了，即信息的不安全性，尤其在美国，这会让他们出现在令人不快的头条新闻中，这难免会使一些企业高管饭碗不保。

earn：使得到；heads rolling：(喻指)某人因某事受重罚

Information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.

信息保护工作现在高踞于各行各业的老板们的议事日程之上。

The current state of affairs may have been encouraged —— though not justified —— by the lack of legal penalty for data leakage.

尽管没有确凿证据证实，担当下的情形可能因缺乏对数据泄露的法律处罚而被扩大化。

9月30日

教训

TIPS 1：划分句子结构有妙用！ e.g. 2008 完形填空

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.

词组

• put down 归于
• subject sb. to 使某人遭受

10月2日

教训

TIPS 1：删去无用信息

e.g. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickey of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.

➡ OECD has issued a report which makes heavy reading for publishers who made handsome profits.

单词

• dose n. 剂量 | vi. 服药

• combat vt. & vi. 与…战斗

• domestic adj. 本国的；家庭的

• devastating adj. 毁灭性的；引人注目的

• chronic adj. 慢性的；长期的；习惯性的

• obligation n. 义务; 责任

• diffuse adj. 四散的, 漫射的；冗长的, 累赘的；vt. & vi. (使)扩散, (使)弥漫, (使)传播；(使)慢慢混合

• inclination n. 爱好；倾向；倾斜；斜面

• endeavor n. & vi. & vt. 努力

• archive v. 存档 | n. 档案文件

词组

• wear and tear 因为长时间使用而造成的磨损

• make handsome profits 赚取丰厚利润

• make heavy reading for sb. 让某人读起来心情沉重

句型

It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with.

这并不一定是说女性处理压力不如男性。只是因为她们要处理的事情要多得多。

Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

Alvarez的经历表明：在压力威胁到你的健康和机能之前找到方法疏导它是多么的重要。

10月3日

单词

• implicitly adv. 含蓄地;暗示地 | 无疑问地；无保留地；绝对地

• instinct n. 本能，直觉；天性 | adj. 充满着的

• merely adv. 仅仅，只不过；只是

• cyclic adj. 环的；循环的；周期的

• delicate adj. 微妙的；易碎的；清淡可口的；雅致的

• moral adj. 道德的；精神上的；品性端正的 | n. 道德；寓意

• compromise n. 妥协, 折中方法 | vi. 折中解决 | vt. 连累, 危害, 损害

• peculiar adj. 奇怪的, 异常的；特有的, 独具的 | 〈非正〉不舒服, 有病的

• clause n. 从句；(法律文件等的)条款

• formula n. 公式，准则；配方；婴儿食品

• inflate vt. 使充气；使通货膨胀 | vi. 膨胀；充气

词组

• leave sb. in the dust 远远胜过某人

• on the mind of sb. 在某人的心里

• run a study 进行研究

• perform / carry out / conduct / do + experiment 做实验

• from the bottom up 从下而上的

• make compromises 做出妥协

• part with 与……分离

句型

Is there an adaptive value to limited intelligence? That's the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance backward at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real costs of our own intelligence might be.

有限的智力是否也有适应性价值？这正是此项新研究背后的问题。不是要伤感地回顾那些我们已经在智力上远远超越的物种，而是含蓄地问我们自身智力的真正代价可能是什么。

10月4日

单词

• unreflecting adj. 不反射的,不反省的,无思虑的,浅薄的

• herd n. (易被误导的)大众，乌合之众

• ever-changing adj. 千变万化的

• inherently adv. 天性地,固有地

• deliberately adv. 慎重地;谨慎地；故意地,蓄意地；从容不迫地,不慌不忙地

• emphasis n. 强调, 重点

• hawk n. 鹰；vt. 沿街叫卖

• lineage n. 血统；家系，世系

• inherit vt. 继承；遗传而得；vi. 成为继承人

• lump vt. 使成块状；混在一起；忍耐；笨重地移动

• patent vt. 取得…的专利权；授予专利 | adj. 专利的；新奇的；显然的 | n. 专利

词组

• comply with 遵守，与……一致

• carry a negative connotation 带有贬义的

• acquire / develop / form habits 养成习惯

• dismiss sb./sth. as 不屑地把某人或某物视为……

• approach challenges 应对挑战

• violate the rule 违反规则

句型

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system – that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.

当今对标准化测试的重视突出了分析和流程（的重要性），这意味着我们很少有人会本能地使用创新和协作的思维方式（进行思考）。“这打破了美国信仰体系中的重要准则——人无所不能，” 瑞安解释道，“那是我们长久以来（所维系）的一个谎言，而它滋养了平庸。了解你自己擅长做的事并做更多你擅长的事，会造就（你的）卓越。” 这正是养成新习惯的方法。

Among the trend sweeping across this ancient land: cultural integration, which bridges the wide gap between developed countries and emerging nations.

席卷全球的趋势是文化整合，它消除了发达国家与发展中国家之间深深的隔阂。

There's a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing.

声称自己在做家谱检测的人们所鼓吹的精确性是假的。

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