用颜色矩阵实现的图象反转效果

实现图象颜色反转这一简单效果可以使用ColorMatrix轻松实现,下面介绍这一实现过程!
第一步:打开原始图象
第二步:在内存中创建一个和原始图象同样尺寸的图象
第三步:创建一个转化矩阵,并建立其与ImageAttributes对象的联系
第四步:创建一个Graphics对象
第五步:利用Graphics对象的DrawImage方法将原始图象使用颜色矩阵绘制到在内存中的那个图象,以实现反转效果.
下面是我做的一个实验,实验效果图如下：

代码如下:
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
namespace 用颜色矩阵类实现图象颜色的反转效果
{
 /// <summary>
 /// Form1 的摘要说明。
 /// </summary>
 public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
 {
  private System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox pictureBox1;
  private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
  private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog

openFileDialog1;
  private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
  /// <summary>
  /// 必需的设计器变量。
  /// </summary>
  private System.ComponentModel.Container components =

null;

  public Form1()
  {
   //
   // Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
   //
   InitializeComponent();

   //
   // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何

构造函数代码
   //
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
  /// </summary>
  protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
  {
   if( disposing )
   {
    if (components != null)
    {
     components.Dispose();
    }
   }
   base.Dispose( disposing );
  }

  #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
  /// <summary>
  /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
  /// 此方法的内容。
  /// </summary>
  private void InitializeComponent()
  {
   this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button

();
   this.pictureBox1 = new

System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();
   this.openFileDialog1 = new

System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog();
   this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button

();
   this.SuspendLayout();
   //
   // button2
   //
   this.button2.Enabled = false;
   this.button2.Location = new

System.Drawing.Point(8, 24);
   this.button2.Name = "button2";
   this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(40,

80);
   this.button2.TabIndex = 1;
   this.button2.Text = "反转";
   this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler

(this.button2_Click);
   //
   // pictureBox1
   //
   this.pictureBox1.BorderStyle =

System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D;
   this.pictureBox1.Location = new

System.Drawing.Point(56, 0);
   this.pictureBox1.Name = "pictureBox1";
   this.pictureBox1.Size = new

System.Drawing.Size(272, 272);
   this.pictureBox1.SizeMode =

System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
   this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 2;
   this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false;
   //
   // openFileDialog1
   //
   this.openFileDialog1.FileOk += new

System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(this.openFileDialog1_FileOk);
   //
   // button1
   //
   this.button1.Location = new

System.Drawing.Point(8, 160);
   this.button1.Name = "button1";
   this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(40,

88);
   this.button1.TabIndex = 3;
   this.button1.Text = "打开";
   this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler

(this.button1_Click);
   //
   // Form1
   //
   this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new

System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
   this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(328,

278);
   this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
   this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1);
   this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
   this.Name = "Form1";
   this.Text = "用颜色矩阵类实现图象颜色的反转效果

";
   this.ResumeLayout(false);

  }
  #endregion

  /// <summary>
  /// 应用程序的主入口点。
  /// </summary>
  [STAThread]
  static void Main()
  {
   try
   {
    Application.Run(new Form1());
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  private void button2_Click(object sender,

System.EventArgs e)
  {
   Image img = this.pictureBox1.Image;
   Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(img.Width,img.Height);
   Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bm);
             //ColorMatrix cm = new ColorMatrix(new float[][]{   new

float[]{0.3f,0.3f,0.3f,0,0},
             //new float[]{0.59f,0.59f,0.59f,0,0},
             //new float[]{0.11f,0.11f,0.11f,0,0},
            // new float[]{0,0,0,1,0,0},
            // new float[]{0,0,0,0,1,0},
           // new float[]{0,0,0,0,0,1}});
            //用这个可以实现灰度效果!       
            //Gilles Khouzams colour corrected grayscale shear
        ColorMatrix cm = new ColorMatrix(new float[][]{   new float[]{-1,0,0,0,0,0},       

           new float[]{0,-1,0,0,0},
           new float[]{0,0,-1,0,0},
           new float[]{0,0,0,1,0,0},
           new float[]{0,0,0,0,1,0},
           new float[]{0,0,0,0,0,1}});
      ImageAttributes ia = new ImageAttributes();
      ia.SetColorMatrix(cm);
  g.DrawImage(img,new Rectangle(0,0,img.Width,img.Height),0,0,img.Width,img.Height,GraphicsUnit.Pixel,ia);
   g.Dispose();
   this.pictureBox1.Image=bm;

     }

  private void openFileDialog1_FileOk(object sender,

System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
  {
   
  }

  private void button1_Click(object sender,

System.EventArgs e)
  {
   openFileDialog1=new OpenFileDialog();
   openFileDialog1.Filter = "Bitmap文件(*.bmp)

|*.bmp|jpeg文件(*.jpg)|*.jpg|所有合适文件(*.BMP;*.JPG)|*.BMP;*.JPG";
   openFileDialog1.FilterIndex = 2 ;
   openFileDialog1.RestoreDirectory = true ;
   if(DialogResult.OK ==

openFileDialog1.ShowDialog())
   {
    pictureBox1.Image=Bitmap.FromFile

(openFileDialog1.FileName,false);
   }
      button2.Enabled=true;
  }

  
 }
}

想要说明的是,利用颜色矩阵还可以实现很多功能,比如灰度效果、亮度变化等！我在文中已经列举了灰度效果的代码，大家可以替换下看下效果！

还有点说明：
我在实验中发现，这个方法有个问题，就是对于某些像素，反转前后会有明显的变化。我想了想这个原因，应该是这样，如果像素的信息是（192，168，0）或者是别的但要包含0，这种情况下，经过颜色矩阵的变化，含0部分将还是0，因为0与-1相乘的结果还是0，而不是我们所希望的255，这样，使得有些像素信息不是我们反转后所要求的。我想了想，这个方法还要改正，希望各位朋友能提供思路。或者我想出来会第一时间告诉大家！