In [197]: float('1.2345')
Out[197]: 1.2345
In [198]: float('something')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent <ipython-input-198-439904410854> in <module>()
----> 1 float('something')
ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'something'
1.
假如想优雅地处理float的错误,让它返回输⼊值。我们可以写⼀
个函数,在try/except中调⽤float:
def attempt_float(x):
try:
return float(x)
except:
return x
例子:
In [200]: attempt_float('1.2345')
Out[200]: 1.2345
In [201]: attempt_float('something')
Out[201]: 'something'
2.只想处理ValueError,TypeError错误(输⼊不是字符串或
数值)可能是合理的bug。可以写⼀个异常类型:
def attempt_float(x):
try:
return float(x)
except ValueError:
return x
例子:
1 def attempt_float(x):
2 try:
3 return float(x)
4 except ValueError:
5 return x
TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a number
3.
可以⽤元组包含多个异常:
def attempt_float(x):
try:
return float(x)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
return x
4.
某些情况下,你可能不想抑制异常,你想⽆论try部分的代码是否
成功,都执⾏⼀段代码。可以使⽤finally:
f = open(path, 'w')
try:
write_to_file(f)
finally:
f.close()
5.你可以⽤else让只在try部分成功的情况下,才执⾏代码:
f = open(path, 'w')
try:
write_to_file(f)
except:
print('Failed')
else:
print('Succeeded')
finally:
f.close()