django 二 后端

自定义字段和序列化 api/serializers/course
from api import models
from rest_framework import serializers
class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    level = serializers.CharField(source='get_level_display')
    class Meta:
        model = models.Course
        fields = ['id','title','course_img','level']

# class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
#     class Meta:
#         model = models.CourseDetail
#         fields = "__all__"
#         depth = 1 # 0-10

class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    # one2one/fk/choice
    title = serializers.CharField(source='course.title')
    img = serializers.CharField(source='course.course_img')
    level = serializers.CharField(source='course.get_level_display')

    # m2m
    recommends = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    chapter = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = models.CourseDetail
        fields = ['course','title','img','level','slogon','why','recommends','chapter']


    def get_recommends(self,obj):
        # 获取推荐的所有课程
        queryset = obj.recommend_courses.all()
        return [{'id':row.id,'title':row.title} for row in queryset]

    def get_chapter(self, obj):
        queryset = obj.course.chapter_set.all()
        return [{'id':row.id,'name':row.name} for row in queryset]

一级路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^api/(?P<version>\w+)/', include('api.urls')),
]

二级路由带参数 api/urls   路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include

from api.views import course


urlpatterns = [
    # 方式一
    # url(r'^course/$', course.CourseView.as_view()),
    # url(r'^course/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', course.CourseView.as_view()),

    # 方式二
    url(r'^course/$', course.CourseView.as_view({'get':'list'})),
    url(r'^course/(?P<pk>\d+)$', course.CourseView.as_view({'get':'retrieve'})),

　　url(r'^auth/$',account.AuthView.as_view()),
　　url(r'^micro/$',course.MicroView.as_view()),

]

如何将带有参数的路由的视图写在一个类中  视图
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api import models
from api.serializers.course import *



# 方式一：
# class CourseView(APIView):
#
#     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#
#         ret = {'code':1000,'data':None}
#
#         try:
#             pk = kwargs.get('pk')
#             if pk:
#                 obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
#                 ser = CourseSerializer(instance=obj,many=False)
#             else:
#                 queryset = models.Course.objects.all()
#                 ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset,many=True)
#             ret['data'] = ser.data
#         except Exception as e:
#             ret['code'] = 1001
#             ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'
#
#         return Response(ret)



# 方式二
# View
# APIView
# GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet,ViewSetMixin
class CourseView(ViewSetMixin,APIView):

    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        """
        课程列表接口
        :param request:
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        ret = {'code':1000,'data':None}

        try:
            queryset = models.Course.objects.all()
            ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset,many=True)
            ret['data'] = ser.data
        except Exception as e:
            ret['code'] = 1001
            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

    def retrieve(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        """
        课程详细接口
        :param request:
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}

        try:
            # 课程ID=2
            pk = kwargs.get('pk')

            # 课程详细对象
            obj = models.CourseDetail.objects.filter(course_id=pk).first()

            ser = CourseDetailSerializer(instance=obj,many=False)

            ret['data'] = ser.data

        except Exception as e:
            ret['code'] = 1001
            ret['error'] = '获取课程失败'

        return Response(ret)

class MicroView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [LuffyAuth,]
    def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = {'code': 1000, 'title': '微职位'}
        return Response(ret)

表设计
from django.db import models

class Course(models.Model):
    """
    课程表
    """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程名称',max_length=32)
    course_img = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程图片',max_length=64)
    level_choices = (
        (1,'初级'),
        (2,'中级'),
        (3,'高级'),
    )
    level = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='课程难易程度',choices=level_choices,default=1)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class CourseDetail(models.Model):
    """
    课程详细
    """
    course = models.OneToOneField(to='Course')
    slogon = models.CharField(verbose_name='口号',max_length=255)
    why = models.CharField(verbose_name='为什么要学？',max_length=255)
    recommend_courses = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='推荐课程',to='Course',related_name='rc')

    def __str__(self):
        return "课程详细："+self.course.title

class Chapter(models.Model):
    """
    章节
    """
    num =  models.IntegerField(verbose_name='章节')
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='章节名称',max_length=32)
    course = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='所属课程',to='Course')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class UserToken(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo')
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)

# api/auth/auth    认证组件
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
from api import models
class LuffyAuth(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        # 固定方法
        token = request.query_params.get('token')
        obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not obj:
            raise AuthenticationFailed({'code':1001,'error':'认证失败'})
        return (obj.user.user,obj)

api/view/account 数据库更新token
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api import models
import uuid
class AuthView(APIView):
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = {'code': 1000}
        user = request.data.get('user')
        pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
        user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
        if not user:
            ret['code'] = 1001
            ret['error'] = '用户名或密码错误'
        else:
            uid = str(uuid.uuid4())
            models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':uid})
            ret['token'] = uid
        return Response(ret)

api/cors 中间件，解决跨域问题
class MiddlewareMixin(object):
    def __init__(self, get_response=None):
        self.get_response = get_response
        super(MiddlewareMixin, self).__init__()
    def __call__(self, request):
        response = None
        if hasattr(self, 'process_request'):
            response = self.process_request(request)
        if not response:
            response = self.get_response(request)
        if hasattr(self, 'process_response'):
            response = self.process_response(request, response)
        return response
class CORSMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_response(self,request,response):
        # 添加响应头
        # 允许你的域名来获取我的数据
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = "*"
        # 允许你携带Content-Type请求头
        # response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = "Content-Type"
        # 允许你发送DELETE,PUT
        # response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = "DELETE,PUT"

        return response

setting中版本的配置  版本
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES':['rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer','rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer',],

    'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':'rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning',
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS':['v1','v2'], # 允许的版本
    'VERSION_PARAM':'version', # 参数
    'DEFAULT_VERSION':'v1', # 默认版本

}