python初级之路-xml模块

python之xml模块：是早期实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议模块，与json模块差不多。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xml_test.xml")    # 声明解析一个xml对象
root = tree.getroot()    # 获取根节点
print("根节点名称:", root.tag)

# 遍历整个 xml 文档
for child in root:
    print("子节点名称:", child.tag, "子节点属性:", child.attrib)
    # 遍历子节点的内容
    for i in child:
        print("--->", i.tag, i.text)
print("----------------------------------------------------")

# 遍历 year 节点
for node in root.iter("year"):
    print(node.tag, node.text)

# 修改 year 节点数据
for node in root.iter("year"):
    node_new = int(node.text) + 1    # 获取年份的值并+1
    node.text = str(node_new)     # 将新生成的年份的值赋值给node.text
    node.set("updated", "yes")    # 同时设置年份节点的属性值

tree.write("xml_update.xml")     # 将新的xml对象写到xml_update.xml文档中

# 删除一个 xml 节点
for country in root.findall("country"):    # 找到xml中所有的country节点
    rank = int(country.find("rank").text)    # 找到country节点中所有的rank节点，并获取其值
    if rank > 50:    # 将大于50的值所在的节点删除
        root.remove(country)

tree.write("xml_remove.xml")     # 将新的xml对象写到xml_remove.xml文档中

# 创建一个新的xml对象文档
new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")    # 创建一个根节点
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "name", attrib={"enrolld": "yes"})    # 创建一个名为name的节点，并设置属性enrolld=yes
age = ET.SubElement(name, "age", attrib={"checked": "no"})    # 在name节点下创建一个age节点，并设置属性checked=no
sex = ET.SubElement(name, "sex")    # 在name节点下创建一个sex节点

age.text = "33"    # 给age赋值为33
sex.text = "Male"    # 给sex赋值为Male

name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "name", attrib={"enrolld": "no"})
age = ET.SubElement(name2, "age")
sex = ET.SubElement(name2, "sex")

age.text = "25"    # 给age赋值为25
sex.text = "Femal"    # 给sex赋值为Femal

new_et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)    # 生成一个xml文档对象
new_et.write("xml_new.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)     # 将生成的xml对象写入到xml_new.xml文件中

ET.dump(new_xml)    # 打印输出新xml对象

 

输出结果：

 

xml_test.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>