java：struts2.3框架1（struts2快速配置，各文件之间的关系，基础代码简化版，XML中的通配符）
1.struts2快速配置：
A.到http://struts.apache.org下载struts2开发包struts-2.3.32-all.zip
B.新建web项目并添加struts2依赖的jar文件
C.在web.xml配置struts2核心控制器(核心过滤器)
D.在src下新建struts2的配置文件:struts.xml,并引入dtd（struts2-core-2.3.32.jar--àstruts-2.3.dtd）
E.编写业务逻辑Action(LoginAction)
package cn.zzsxt.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action; public class LoginAction implements Action { //属性驱动:获取页面提交参数的值 private String userName;//必须与表单元素的名称相同 private String password; public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { if("admin".equals(userName)&&"admin".equals(password)){ return "success"; } return "fail"; } }
F.编写登陆页面login.jsp和登陆成功页面index.jsp
login.jsp <form action="login.action" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="userName"/><br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"/><br> <input type="submit" value="登录"/> </form> index.jsp <html> <head> <title>登陆成功</title> </head> <body> 恭喜你,${userName}登陆成功! </body> </html>
G.在struts.xml配置action和result
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <!-- package包:其作用类似java中包的概念，作用为:分类和避免命名冲突 --> <package name="hello" extends="struts-default"> <action name="login" class="cn.zzsxt.action.LoginAction"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <result name="fail">/login.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
2.关系：
3.基础代码简化：
struts.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <struts> <action name="login" class="cn.zzsxt.mystruts.action.LoginAction"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <result name="fail">/login.jsp</result> </action> <action name="add" class="cn.zzsxt.mystruts.action.AddAction"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="fail">/add.jsp</result> </action> </struts>
XML解析：
package cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.DocumentException; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; public class ActionMappingManager { //封装struts.xml中所有的action节点信息，以action的name属性值做键,以action节点的信息做值 private Map<String,ActionMapping> actionsMap = new HashMap<String,ActionMapping>(); /** * 解析src下的struts.xml配置文件 * 将action节点的信息封装成ActionMapping对象 * 将result节点信息封装成ResultMapping对象 */ public void paserXml(){ SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); //查找具有给定名称的资源,将src下的struts.xml转成输入流 InputStream ips =this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/struts.xml"); try { Document document = saxReader.read(ips); //获取根节点 Element struts = document.getRootElement(); Iterator<Element> actionIter = struts.elementIterator();//获取子元素 while(actionIter.hasNext()){ Element action = actionIter.next();//action节点 String actionName = action.attributeValue("name");//获取action节点的name属性值 String actionClass = action.attributeValue("class");//获取action节点的class属性值 ActionMapping actionMapping = new ActionMapping(actionName,actionClass);//将name属性值和class属性值封装成actionMapping对象 Iterator<Element> resultIter = action.elementIterator();//获取result节点迭代器 while(resultIter.hasNext()){ Element result = resultIter.next();//获取result节点 String resultName = result.attributeValue("name");//获取result节点的name属性值 String resultPath = result.getText();//获取result节点的文本节点值 ResultMapping resultMapping = new ResultMapping(resultName,resultPath);//将Result节点信息封装成ResultMapping对象 actionMapping.getResultsList().add(resultMapping);//将resultMapping对象添加到actionMapping的集合中 } //将action的节点信息添加到actionsMap中 actionsMap.put(actionName, actionMapping); } } catch (DocumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 根据action的name值查找action节点信息 * @param actionName * @return */ public ActionMapping getActionByName(String actionName){ return actionsMap.get(actionName); } public static void main(String[] args) { ActionMappingManager actionMappingManager = new ActionMappingManager(); actionMappingManager.paserXml();//解析配置文件 ActionMapping actionMapping = actionMappingManager.getActionByName("login"); String actionName = actionMapping.getActionName(); String actionClass = actionMapping.getActionClass(); System.out.println(actionName+"----"+actionClass); List<ResultMapping> list = actionMapping.getResultsList(); for (ResultMapping resultMapping : list) { String resultName = resultMapping.getResultName(); String resultPath = resultMapping.getResultPath(); System.out.println(resultName+"****"+resultPath); } } }
ActionServlet：
package cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * 1.核心控制器:拦截所有以.action结尾的用户请求,对地址栏进行截取 * http://localhost:8080/mystruts/login.action--->login * 2.根据截取后的结果(login)到struts.xml配置文件中查找与其同名的action节点信息 * 3.获取action节点的class属性值(cn.zzsxt.mystruts.action.LoginAction),通过反射机制动态创建对象 * 4.利用多态执行action中的execute方法,返回逻辑名称(success/fail) * 5.根据逻辑名称在struts.xml中的result节点查找同名的result节点信息 * 6.从result节点中获取文本节 点值(真实需要调整的路径),进行统一跳转 * @author Think * */ public class ActionServlet extends HttpServlet { ActionMappingManager actionMappingManager=null; @Override public void init() throws ServletException { actionMappingManager = new ActionMappingManager(); actionMappingManager.paserXml();//解析配置文件struts.xml } @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取用户请求的地址栏 String uri = request.getRequestURI();// /mystruts/login.action String actionName=uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/")+1,uri.lastIndexOf(".")); System.out.println(actionName); //根据截取后的结果从配置文件中查找对应的action节点信息 ActionMapping actionMapping = actionMappingManager.getActionByName(actionName); //获取action节点的class属性值 String actionClass = actionMapping.getActionClass(); try { //通过反射机制动态创建Action Action action = (Action)Class.forName(actionClass).newInstance(); //执行action中execute方法,返回逻辑名称 String logicName = action.execute(request, response); //根据逻辑名称查找配置文件，获取对于的result节点 List<ResultMapping> resultMappingList = actionMapping.getResultsList();//获取action的所有的result节点 for (ResultMapping resultMapping : resultMappingList) { String resultName = resultMapping.getResultName(); String resultPath = resultMapping.getResultPath();//真实路径 if(resultName.equals(logicName)){ //跳转 request.getRequestDispatcher(resultPath).forward(request, response); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Action接口：
package cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public interface Action { public String execute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response); }
ActionMapping对象：
package cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * 封装struts.xml配置文件中的action节点的信息 * @author Think * */ public class ActionMapping { private String actionName;//封装action节点的name属性值 private String actionClass;//封装action节点的class属性值 private List<ResultMapping> resultsList = new ArrayList<ResultMapping>();//封装了该action节点的所有result节点的信息 public ActionMapping(String actionName, String actionClass) { this.actionName = actionName; this.actionClass = actionClass; } public ActionMapping(String actionName, String actionClass, List<ResultMapping> resultsList) { this.actionName = actionName; this.actionClass = actionClass; this.resultsList = resultsList; } public ActionMapping() { } public String getActionName() { return actionName; } public void setActionName(String actionName) { this.actionName = actionName; } public String getActionClass() { return actionClass; } public void setActionClass(String actionClass) { this.actionClass = actionClass; } public List<ResultMapping> getResultsList() { return resultsList; } public void setResultsList(List<ResultMapping> resultsList) { this.resultsList = resultsList; } }
ResultSet对象：
package cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework; /** * 封装struts.xml中result节点的信息 * @author Think * */ public class ResultMapping { private String resultName;//封装result节点的name属性值 private String resultPath;//封装result节点的文本节点的值 public ResultMapping(String resultName, String resultPath) { this.resultName = resultName; this.resultPath = resultPath; } public ResultMapping() { } public String getResultName() { return resultName; } public void setResultName(String resultName) { this.resultName = resultName; } public String getResultPath() { return resultPath; } public void setResultPath(String resultPath) { this.resultPath = resultPath; } }
AddAction:
package cn.zzsxt.mystruts.action; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework.Action; public class AddAction implements Action { @Override public String execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { String userName = request.getParameter("userName"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); //利用jdbc执行用户新增 System.out.println("执行了用户新增:"+userName+"---"+password); return "success";//逻辑名称 } }
LoginAction:
package cn.zzsxt.mystruts.action; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework.Action; public class LoginAction implements Action { @Override public String execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { String userName = request.getParameter("userName"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); if("admin".equals(userName)&&"admin".equals(password)){ return "success";//逻辑名称 } return "fail";//逻辑名称 } }
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>mystruts</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 核心控制器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>actionservlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.zzsxt.mystruts.framework.ActionServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>actionservlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
4.XML中的通配符：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <!-- package包:其作用类似java中包的概念，作用为:分类和避免命名冲突 --> <package name="hello" extends="struts-default"> <action name="login" class="cn.zzsxt.action.LoginAction"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <result name="fail">/login.jsp</result> </action> <action name="add" class="cn.zzsxt.action.AddAction"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> </action> </package> <!-- 通过method指定action中默认方法 --> <package name="hello2" extends="struts-default"> <!-- method="制定默认调用的方法，如果不指定默认调用execute方法" --> <action name="user-doList" class="cn.zzsxt.action2.UserAction" method="doList"> <result name="list">/list2.jsp</result> </action> <!-- method="制定默认调用的方法，如果不指定默认调用execute方法" --> <action name="user-doAdd" class="cn.zzsxt.action2.UserAction" method="doAdd"> <result name="success">/list.jsp</result> </action> </package> <!-- 方法的动态调用(重要):利用*作为通配符,通过{n} n代表第几个通配符,必须为正整数并且从1开始 --> <!-- user-doLogin *匹配的是doLogin, method="{1}" {1}代表第一个通配符:doLogin --> <package name="hello3" extends="struts-default"> <!-- method="制定默认调用的方法，如果不指定默认调用execute方法" --> <action name="user3-*" class="cn.zzsxt.action3.UserAction" method="{1}"> <result name="list">/list3.jsp</result> <!-- type="结果类型" dispatcher默认(请求转发) redirectAction：重定向到action redirect：重定向到结果视图(jsp) --> <result name="success" type="redirectAction">user3-doList</result> </action> </package> </struts>
