深入解析ThreadLocal类

先了解一下ThreadLocal类提供的几个方法：

public T get() { }
public void set(T value) { }
public void remove() { }
protected T initialValue() { }　　

get()方法是用来获取ThreadLocal在当前线程中保存的变量副本，set()用来设置当前线程中变量的副本，remove()用来移除当前线程中变量的副本，initialValue()是一个protected方法，一般是用来在使用时进行重写的，它是一个延迟加载方法，下面会详细说明。

首先我们来看一下ThreadLocal类是如何为每个线程创建一个变量的副本的。

     /**
     * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
     * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
     * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
     * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
     *
     * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
     */
    public T get() {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

ThreadLocal类的一个内部类，我们继续取看ThreadLocalMap的实现

        static class ThreadLocalMap {

        /**
         * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
         * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
         * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
         * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
         * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
         * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
         */
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

　　

最常见的ThreadLocal使用场景为 用来解决 数据库连接、Session管理等。

private static ThreadLocal<Connection> connectionHolder = new ThreadLocal<Connection>() {
   public Connection initialValue() {
    return DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL);
   }
};
 
public static Connection getConnection() {
   return connectionHolder.get();
}

private static final ThreadLocal threadSession = new ThreadLocal();
 
public static Session getSession() throws InfrastructureException {
    Session s = (Session) threadSession.get();
    try {
        if (s == null) {
            s = getSessionFactory().openSession();
            threadSession.set(s);
        }
    } catch (HibernateException ex) {
        throw new InfrastructureException(ex);
    }
    return s;
}