linux-centos6.9下python2.6与python3.6共存

我这里是centos6.9为例

1.查看目前的python版本

[root@Adfuser-Test ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6
[root@Adfuser-Test ~]#

2.使用which python插卡python可执行文件

[root@Adfuser-Test ~]# which python
/usr/bin/python
[root@Adfuser-Test ~]#

3.备份一下

cp -a /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak

4.执行软链接

ls -l /usr/bin/python*

总结：其实直接安装rpm包即可，没有这么多依赖。

 -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 9032 12月 24 2019 /usr/bin/python 
 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 12月 24 17:07 /usr/bin/python2 -> python 
 -rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 9032 8月 18 2019 /usr/bin/python2.6 
 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9032 12月 24 2019 /usr/bin/python.bak

5.查看python路径

whreis python

[root@Adfuser-Test ~]# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
[root@Adfuser-Test ~]#

6.安装依赖

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make

7.安装python3.6.5

#进入目录

cd /data/software

#下载包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz

#解压

tar -xvJf Python-3.6.5.tar.xz

# 进入目录

cd Python-3.6.5

# 编译安装

./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3

报错了：

[root@Adfuser-Test Python-3.6.5]# ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for python3.6... no
checking for python3... no
checking for python... python
checking for --enable-universalsdk... no
checking for --with-universal-archs... no
checking MACHDEP... linux
checking for --without-gcc... no
checking for --with-icc... no
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/root/data/software/Python-3.6.5':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
[root@Adfuser-Test Python-3.6.5]#

尝试过很多种解决办法，百度给的最多的办法是：yum install gcc，明明gcc环境已经有了，但还是提示没有C环境呢？那一定就是yum没有安装gcc成功，于是我试试gcc命令：

如果提示命令找不到，则表明没有安装，如下：

[root@Adfuser-Test ~]# gcc
-bash: gcc: command not found
[root@Adfuser-Test ~]#

yum install gcc解决办法：

Oracle Linux 6

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo

执行上面的语句之后，我再执行yum install gcc，提示如下：

[root@Adfuser-Test yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc
已加载插件：fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * remi-safe: repo1.dal.innoscale.net
ol6_UEK_latest                                                                            | 2.5 kB     00:00     
ol6_latest                                                                                | 2.7 kB     00:00     
ol6_u6_base                                                                               | 1.4 kB     00:00     
ol6_u6_base/primary                                                                       | 3.3 MB     00:02     
ol6_u6_base                                                                                            8800/8800
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-23.0.1.el6 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 libgomp = 4.4.7-23.0.1.el6，它被软件包 gcc-4.4.7-23.0.1.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 cpp = 4.4.7-23.0.1.el6，它被软件包 gcc-4.4.7-23.0.1.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 cloog-ppl >= 0.15，它被软件包 gcc-4.4.7-23.0.1.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 libgcc >= 4.4.7-23.0.1.el6，它被软件包 gcc-4.4.7-23.0.1.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 libppl.so.7()(64bit)，它被软件包 cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 libppl_c.so.2()(64bit)，它被软件包 cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 需要
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-23.0.1.el6 will be 安装
---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 will be 升级
---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-23.0.1.el6 will be an update
---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-18.el6 will be 升级
---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-23.0.1.el6 will be an update
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be 安装
--> 完成依赖关系计算

依赖关系解决

=================================================================================================================
 软件包                   架构                  版本                             仓库                       大小
=================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 gcc                      x86_64                4.4.7-23.0.1.el6                 ol6_latest                 10 M
为依赖而安装:
 cloog-ppl                x86_64                0.15.7-1.2.el6                   ol6_latest                 93 k
 cpp                      x86_64                4.4.7-23.0.1.el6                 ol6_latest                3.7 M
 ppl                      x86_64                0.10.2-11.el6                    ol6_latest                1.3 M
为依赖而更新:
 libgcc                   x86_64                4.4.7-23.0.1.el6                 ol6_latest                104 k
 libgomp                  x86_64                4.4.7-23.0.1.el6                 ol6_latest                135 k

事务概要
=================================================================================================================
Install       4 Package(s)
Upgrade       2 Package(s)

总文件大小：16 M
确定吗？[y/N]：y
下载软件包：
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle


获取 GPG 密钥失败：[Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
[root@Adfuser-Test yum.repos.d]#

获取密钥失败，解决办法：

这是由于yum安装了旧版本的GPG key或者key文件不存在s造成的，解决办法如下：
第一种方式：
使用如下命令导入

rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM*

成功后，再执行yum install gcc，还是提示密钥失败

第二种方式：

把gpgcheck=1 改为gpgcheck=0 即可，意思是在安装的时候不进行源的检查

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

成功后，再执行yum install gcc，还是提示密钥失败

第三种方式：

尝试更换yum源，试过163和阿里云

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

再执行yum install gcc ,提示如下

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6/addons/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found"
尝试其他镜像。
To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article

第四种方式：

修改vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo文件内容，

$releasever直接改成6，而不是6.0，系统变量默认出来是6.0,所以错了，以及将gpgcheck=1改成0(不检查源)

再执行yum install gcc，还是提示密钥失败

解决办法：更换yum

更换阿里yum

　　1、下载wget

yum install -y wget

　　2、备份默认的yum

mv /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.backup

　　3、设置新的yum目录

mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d

　　4、下载阿里yum配置到该目录中

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

　　5、重建缓存

yum clean all
yum makecache

　　6、升级所有包（改变软件设置和系统设置，系统版本内核都升级，需要几分钟耐心等待）

yum update -y

　　7、安装相关依赖

yum groupinstall -y Development tools
yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

3、创建一个文件夹放python3

mkdir /usr/local/python3/

4、将压缩包移到创建的python3文件夹

mv Python-3.7.1.tar.xz /usr/local/python3

5、切换到python3文件夹下解压下载包

tar -xvJf Python-3.7.1.tar.xz

6、切换进入

cd Python-3.6.5

7、编译安装

./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3

执行结果如下：

...
If you want a release build with all stable optimizations active (PGO, etc),
please run ./configure --enable-optimizations

./configure --enable-optimizations

执行结果如下：

......
checking for /dev/ptc... no
checking for %zd printf() format support... yes
checking for socklen_t... yes
checking for broken mbstowcs... no
checking for --with-computed-gotos... no value specified
checking whether gcc -pthread supports computed gotos... yes
checking for build directories... done
checking for -O2... yes
checking for glibc _FORTIFY_SOURCE/memmove bug... no
checking for gcc ipa-pure-const bug... no
checking for stdatomic.h... no
checking for GCC >= 4.7 __atomic builtins... no
checking for ensurepip... upgrade
checking if the dirent structure of a d_type field... yes
checking for the Linux getrandom() syscall... no
checking for the getrandom() function... no
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking whether compiling and linking against OpenSSL works... yes
checking for X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host in libssl... no
checking for --with-ssl-default-suites... python
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile.pre
config.status: creating Misc/python.pc
config.status: creating Misc/python-config.sh
config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix
config.status: creating pyconfig.h
config.status: pyconfig.h is unchanged
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating Makefile
[root@Adfuser-Test Python-3.7.1]#

成功！再执行命令：

make && make install

执行结果如下：

......
rm -f /usr/local/bin/2to3
(cd /usr/local/bin; ln -s 2to3-3.7 2to3)
rm -f /usr/local/bin/pyvenv
(cd /usr/local/bin; ln -s pyvenv-3.7 pyvenv)
if test "x" != "x" ; then \
        rm -f /usr/local/bin/python3-32; \
        (cd /usr/local/bin; ln -s python3.7-32 python3-32) \
    fi
rm -f /usr/local/share/man/man1/python3.1
(cd /usr/local/share/man/man1; ln -s python3.7.1 python3.1)
if test "xupgrade" != "xno"  ; then \
        case upgrade in \
            upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \
            install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \
        esac; \
         ./python -E -m ensurepip \
            $ensurepip --root=/ ; \
    fi
Looking in links: /tmp/tmpys7u980z
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.0.1

验证python版本

posted @ 2019-12-31 16:18 做一只热爱生活的小透明阅读(290) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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linux-centos6.9下python2.6与python3.6共存

Oracle Linux 6

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