ConfigParser模块

此模块用于生成和修改常见配置文档，当前模块的名称在 python 3.x 版本中变更为 configparser。

 模块---解析配置文件

```cnf
[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45   
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes

[bitbucket.org]
User = hg

[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no
```

解析配置文件

```py
>>> import configparser # 导入模块
>>> config = configparser.ConfigParser()  #实例化(生成对象)
>>> config.sections()  #调用sections方法
[]
>>> config.read('example.ini')  # 读配置文件(注意文件路径)
['example.ini']
>>> config.sections() #调用sections方法(默认不会读取default)
['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
>>> 'bitbucket.org' in config #判断元素是否在sections列表内
True
>>> 'bytebong.com' in config
False
>>> config['bitbucket.org']['User'] # 通过字典的形式取值
'hg'
>>> config['DEFAULT']['Compression']
'yes'
>>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
>>> topsecret['ForwardX11']
'no'
>>> topsecret['Port']
'50022'
>>> for key in config['bitbucket.org']: print(key) # for循环 bitbucket.org 字典的key
...
user
compressionlevel
serveraliveinterval
compression
forwardx11
>>> config['bitbucket.org']['ForwardX11']
'yes'
```

其它增删改查语法

```python
[group1] # 支持的两种分隔符“=”, “:”
k1 = v1
k2:v2

[group2]
k1 = v1

import ConfigParser

config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
config.read('i.cfg')

# ########## 读 ##########
#secs = config.sections()
#print(secs)
#options = config.options('group2') # 获取指定section的keys
#print(options)

#item_list = config.items('group2') # 获取指定 section 的 keys & values ,key value 以元组的形式
#print(item_list)

#val = config.get('group1','key') # 获取指定的key 的value
#val = config.getint('group1','key')   #key对应的值必须是整数

# ########## 改写 ##########
#sec = config.remove_section('group1') # 删除section 并返回状态(true, false)
#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) # 对应的删除操作要写入文件才会生效

#sec = config.has_section('wupeiqi')
#sec = config.add_section('wupeiqi')
#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w")) # 


#config.set('group2','k1',11111)
#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))

#config.remove_option('group2','age')   #删除“group2”下的“age”和其对应值
#config.write(open('i.cfg', "w"))    #对应的删除操作要写入文件才生效

 ```

 

练习：通过configparser模块完成以下功能。文件名my.cnf

[DEFAULT]

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock
back_log = 80
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
datadir = /data/mysql_3306
default-time-zone = '+8:00'

i、修改时区 default-time-zone = '+8:00' 为 校准的全球时间 +00:00

import configparser

conf =configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read('conf.ini')


conf['mysqld']['default-time-zone'] = '+00:00'


conf.write(open('conf.ini','w'))

ii、删除 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

import configparser

conf =configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read('conf.ini')



conf.remove_option('mysqld','explicit_defaults_for_timestamp')

conf.write(open('conf.ini','w'))

iii、为DEFAULT增加一条 character-set-server = utf8

import configparser

conf =configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read('conf.ini')

conf['DEFAULT']['character-set-server'] = 'utf8'


conf.write(open('conf.ini','w'))