Ansible_常用模块

一、Ansible常用模块

1、ansible常用模块command、shell、raw的区别：

command模块不是调用的shell的指令，所以没有bash的环境变量
shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行
raw很多地方和shell类似，更多的地方建议使用shell和command模块
- 但是如果是使用老版本python，需要用到raw，又或者是客户端是路由器，因为没有安装python模块，那就需要使用raw模块了

二、Ansible常用模块使用详解

1、ping模块

1️⃣：ping模块用于检查指定节点机器是否连通，用法很简单，不涉及参数，主机如果在线，则回复pong

实例：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m ping
192.168.121.81 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

2、user模块

①：user模块常用参数

create_home    ：【 yes | no 】
    说明：默认创建帐户或主目录不存在时将为用户创建主目录；除非选择 no
group 
    说明：设置用户主要组
groups
    说明：设置用户附加组；当设置为空字符串时' '，该用户将从主要组之外的所有组中删除
home
    说明：设置用户的家目录
name 
    说明：要创建，删除或修改的用户的名称
password
    说明：将用户密码设置为此加密值；要在Linux系统上创建禁用的帐户，请将其设置为'!'或'*'
remove    ：【 yes | no 】
    说明：当 state=asbent 时，删除与用户关联的目录；相当于：userdel --remove
shell 
    说明：设置用户的登陆的shell；如果不希望登陆可以设置 /sbin/nologin
state       ：【 present | absent 】
    说明：设置未present声明创建该用户；设置absent声明删除该用户
system    ：【 yes | no 】
    说明：当 state=present 时，将其设置为 yes 会使该用户成为系统帐户
uid
    说明：指明用户的UID

②：在受控机上添加一个系统用户，用户名为zhangsan，UID为888，设置登陆的shell为/sbin/nologin，无家目录

实例：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m user -a 'name=zhangsan uid=888 system=yes shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=no state=present'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": false,
    "group": 888,
    "home": "/home/zhangsan",
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "shell": "/sbin/nologin",
    "state": "present",
    "system": true,
    "uid": 888
}

 //查看受控主机上是否存在zhangsan 用户
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'id zhangsan'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=888(zhangsan) gid=888(zhangsan) groups=888(zhangsan)


 //删除受管主机上的zhangsan用户
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m user -a 'name=zhangsan state=absent'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "force": false,
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "remove": false,
    "state": "absent"
}

 //查看受控主机上是否存在zhangsanzhangsan用户
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'id zhangsan'
192.168.121.81 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: ‘zhangsan’: no such usernon-zero return code

//更改zhangsan用户的UID为1000
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m user -a 'name=zhangsan uid=1000'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "append": false,
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "group": 888,
    "home": "/home/zhangsan",
    "move_home": false,
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "shell": "/sbin/nologin",
    "state": "present",
    "uid": 1000
}

3、group模块

①：group模块常用参数

name
    说明：指定组的名称
state    ： 【  present | absent 】
    说明：设置present声明创建该组；设置absent声明删除该组
system    ： 【 yes | no 】
    说明：如果yes，则表示创建的组是系统组
gid
    说明：声明组的GID

②：在受控机上添加一个系统组，其GID为800，组名为zhangsan

实例：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m group -a 'name=zhangsan system=yes gid=800 state=present'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 800,
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "state": "present",
    "system": true
}

 //查看受控主机上是否存在zhangsan组
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'grep zhangsan /etc/group'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
zhangsan:x:800:

 //删除收控主机上的zhangsan组
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m group -a 'name=zhangsan state=absent'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "state": "absent"
}

 //查看受控主机上是否存在zhangsan 组
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'grep zhangsan /etc/group'
192.168.121.81 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
non-zero return code

 //更改受控主机zhangsan组的GID为1000
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m group -a 'name=zhangsan gid=1000'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 1000,
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false
}

4、yum模块

1️⃣：yum模块用于在指定节点机器上通过yum管理软件

2️⃣：yum模块常用参数

name：安装的软件包名
state : 【 present | installed | latest | absent | removed 】
    present：    安装软件
    installed：  安装软件
    latest：     安装软件
    absent：     卸载软件
    removed：    卸载软件

示例：在受控主机上使用yum模块安装httpd服务

[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=present'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "",
    "rc": 0,
    "results": [
        "Installed: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64",
        "Installed: centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch",
        "Installed: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
        "Installed: apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
        "Installed: httpd-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+382+15b0afa8.x86_64",
        "Installed: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+382+15b0afa8.noarch",
        "Installed: mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.2.0+307+4d18d695.x86_64",
        "Installed: httpd-tools-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+382+15b0afa8.x86_64",
        "Installed: apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
        "Installed: mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch"
    ]
}

 //启动httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'systemctl start httpd'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

 //查看httpd服务端口
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'ps -ef | grep httpd'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root      20991      1  0 18:58 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    20992  20991  0 18:58 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    20993  20991  0 18:58 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    20994  20991  0 18:58 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    20996  20991  0 18:58 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root      21573  21572  0 18:59 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ps -ef | grep httpd
root      21575  21573  0 18:59 pts/1    00:00:00 grep httpd

 //查看是否安装httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'rpm -qa | grep httpd'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+382+15b0afa8.noarch
centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch
httpd-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+382+15b0afa8.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+382+15b0afa8.x86_64

5、command模块

1️⃣：command模块用于在远程主机上执行命令，ansible默认就是使用command模块

2️⃣：command模块有一个缺陷就是不能使用管道符和重定向功能

实例：

 //查看 /tmp下文件
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'ls /tmp'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_bgh98niw
ks-script-rz2t819q
systemd-private-27d81652d04247e0aabf5ca3135190a7-httpd.service-34NQn0
vmware-root_987-4257200413

 //在root目录下创建test文件
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'touch /root/test'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'ls /root'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
test

6、shell模块

①：shell模块用于在受控机上执行受控机上的脚本，亦可直接在受控机上执行命令（一般当命名使用，脚本就用script模块）

②：shell模块可能使用的参数

chdir
    说明：运行命令之前，先切换到该目录
removes 
    说明：文件名（如果文件名不存在）将不会删除指定的文件
stdin
    说明：将命令的 stdin 直接设置为指定值

③：shell模块亦支持管道与重定向

实例：

//查看受控主机上的脚本文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  test.sh
[root@localhost ~]# chmod a+x test.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.sh 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27 Aug 27 19:12 test.sh

 //在控制节点上执行受控主机上的脚本文件
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a '/root/test.sh'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Thu Aug 27 19:15:20 CST 2020/root/test.sh: line 1: !/bin/bash: No such file or directory

 //使用shell执行管道符
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'cat /etc/group | grep root'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root:x:0:

 //使用shell执行重定向
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a '/root/test.sh > /tmp/dir.txt'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root/test.sh: line 1: !/bin/bash: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'cat /tmp/dir.txt'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Thu Aug 27 19:19:04 CST 2020

7、raw模块

1️⃣：raw模块用于在远程主机上执行命令，其支持管道符与重定向（除此之外，可以使用raw模块在其他不能安装服务：（例如路由器）上安装服务）

实例：

 //使用管道符
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m raw -a 'cat /etc/group |grep root'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root:x:0:

 //使用重定向
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m raw -a 'echo "hellow word" > /root/test.txt'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m raw -a 'cat  /root/test.txt'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hellow word

8、script模块

①：script模块用于在受管主机上执行控制节点上的脚本

②：script模块常用参数

chdir 
    说明：运行脚本之前，先切换到远程节点上的此目录
creates
    说明：远程节点上的文件名（如果已存在）将不会运行此步骤
removes
    说明：远程节点上的文件名（如果文件名不存在）将不会运行

实例：

 //查看控制节点上的脚本文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  test.sh

 //执行控制节点上的脚本文件
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m script -a '/root/test.sh > /root/dir.txt'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.121.81 closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 192.168.121.81 closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "",
    "stdout_lines": []
}
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'cat /root/dir.txt'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
This is test file.sh

9、service模块

1️⃣：service模块用于管理受控机上的服务

2️⃣：service模块常用参数列表

state  ： 【 started | stopped | restarted | reloaded 】
    started        启动服务
    stopped        停止服务
    restarted      重新启动
    reloaded       重现加载

enabled   : 【 yes | no 】
    yes        开机自启
    no         不启用开机自启
设置服务是否开机自启

实例：

 //查看受控主机上的httpd服务是否启动
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'systemctl status httpd'
192.168.121.81 | FAILED | rc=3 >>
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)

Aug 27 18:58:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 27 18:58:10 localhost.localdomain httpd[20991]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Aug 27 18:58:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Aug 27 18:58:10 localhost.localdomain httpd[20991]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Aug 27 19:31:21 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 27 19:31:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.non-zero return code

 //使用sevice模块启动httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "httpd",
    "state": "started",
    "status": {
        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0",
        "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",
............

 //查看受控主机httpd服务状态
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'systemctl status httpd'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-08-27 19:37:22 CST; 1min 33s ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 23488 (httpd)
   Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 11340)
   Memory: 27.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─23488 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─23489 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─23490 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─23491 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─23492 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Aug 27 19:37:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 27 19:37:22 localhost.localdomain httpd[23488]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Aug 27 19:37:22 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Aug 27 19:37:23 localhost.localdomain httpd[23488]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

 //设置受控主机httpd服务开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m service -a 'name=httpd enabled=yes'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "enabled": true,
    "name": "httpd",
    "status": {
        "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Thu 2020-08-27 19:37:22 CST",
        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "18191160572",
.............

 //查看受控主机上httpd服务开机自启状态
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m command -a 'systemctl is-enabled httpd'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
enabled

 //停止受控主机上的httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m service -a 'name=httpd state=stopped'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "httpd",
    "state": "stopped",
    "status": {
        "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Thu 2020-08-27 19:37:22 CST",
        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "18191160572",

10、copy模块

1️⃣：copy模块用于复制文件至远程受控机

2️⃣：copy模块常用参数

src
    说明：复制到远程服务器的文件的本地路径；可以是绝对的也可以是相对的
dest
    说明：文件应复制到的远程主机的绝对路径
backup   ： 【 yes | no 】
    说明：创建一个包含时间戳信息的备份文件，以便在不正确地破坏文件的情况下将其找回
force    ： 【 yes | no 】
    说明：如果为yes，则当内容与源文件不同时，将替换远程文件；如果为no，则仅在目标不存在的情况下才传输文件

实例：

 //查看控制节点文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  test.sh

 //复制文件
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m copy -a 'src=/root/test.sh dest=/root'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "6754b4785dbeace09c90e9ce4a2560d4e386efab",
    "dest": "/root/test.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "b51ea9009c046cd325621fa7065782f0",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 41,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1598558057.5922036-5111-245228725024513/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

 //查看受管主机上是否存在改文件
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'ls /root'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
test.sh

11、template模块

1️⃣：template模块用于生成一个模板，并可将其传输至远程主机上（主要用于创建模板）

2️⃣：template模块常用参数

src
    说明：本地模板的路径；这可以是相对或绝对路径
dest
    说明：将模板呈现到远程计算机上的位置
backup   ： 【 yes | no 】
    说明：创建一个包含时间戳信息的备份文件，以便在不正确地破坏文件的情况下将其找回
force   ： 【 yes | no 】
    说明：设置yes为时，如果内容不同于源文件，则替换远程文件；设置为时 no，仅在目标不存在的情况下才传输文件

实例：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m template -a 'src=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "4966466ad015ef3d2a3cc0b8252d43efbdcf2c94",
    "dest": "/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "d06fb7d5709727828bcaba7457ea673e",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:system_conf_t:s0",
    "size": 2595,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1598559298.4569452-5352-77842158483794/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

 //查看受控主机上是否存在该文件
[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'ls /etc/yum.repos.d'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS-Base.repo
redhat.repo

12、firewalld模块

1️⃣：firewalld模块常用参数

firewalld模块实现放行某个端口的权限:
permanent    ：【 yes | no 】
    说明：此配置应处于正在运行的firewalld配置中，还是应在重新启动后持续存在；此外需要注意的是：如果设置为no，则假定为yes，永久启用；设置为yes，则假定为no，临时启用
port 
    说明：要添加到防火墙d或从防火墙删除的端口或端口范围的名称；对于端口范围，格式必须为 port/protocol 或 port-port/protocol；例如： 80/tcp
rich_rule
    说明：富规则，用于添加到防火墙或从防火墙中删除
service 
    说明：要添加到防火墙或从防火墙删除的服务的名称
source 
    说明：您要添加到防火墙或从防火墙删除的源ip网络
state  ：【 present |enabled | absent | disabled 】
    说明：对于端口：此端口应接受（enabled）还是拒绝（disabled）连接；状态present和absent只能在区域级别的操作中使用

实例：

 //查看受控主机上得防火墙是否启用
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'systemctl is-active firewalld'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
active

 //查看受控主机是否启用800端口
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'firewall-cmd --list-all'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports:             //800端口还没有放行
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 

 //放行受控主机上800端口
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m firewalld -a 'port=800/tcp state=enabled permanent=no'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Non-permanent operation, Changed port 800/tcp to enabled"
}

 //再次查看受控主机上800端口是否放行
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'firewall-cmd --list-all'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 800/tcp       //800端口已经放行
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 　　

 //关闭800端口放行
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m firewalld -a 'port=800/tcp state=disabled permanent=no'            //permanent必须为yes，否则在开机自启后任然启用800端口放行
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "msg": "Non-permanent operation, Changed port 800/tcp to disabled"
}

  //查看800端口是否放行
[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.121.81 -m shell -a 'firewall-cmd --list-all'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports:       //800端口已经取消放行
  protocols:  
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

13、selinux模块

1️⃣：selinux模块常用参数：

policy 
    说明：如果state不是disabled，则需要使用要使用的SELinux策略的名称（例如）targeted
state ： 【 enforcing | premissive | disabled 】
     说明：
        disabled         #关闭selinux
        permissive     #临时关闭selinux
        enforcing       #强制执行selinux

例子：
- name: Enable SELinux
  selinux:
    policy: targeted
    state: enforcing

- name: Put SELinux in permissive mode, logging actions that would be blocked.
  selinux:
    policy: targeted
    state: permissive

- name: Disable SELinux
  selinux:
    state: disabled

实例：

 //查看受管主机的selinux状态
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'getenforce'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Enforcing

 //设置selinux为disabled
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m selinux -a 'state=disabled'
[WARNING]: SELinux state temporarily changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive'. State change will take effect next reboot.
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "configfile": "/etc/selinux/config",
    "msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'",
    "policy": "targeted",
    "reboot_required": true,
    "state": "disabled"
}
  //忽略警告

 //查看selinux状态
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'getenforce'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Permissive

14、seport模块

1️⃣：seport模块管理网络端口类型定义（在selinux添加/删除允许开放的端口）

2️⃣：seport常用模块：

ports
    说明：端口或端口范围 ；例如：1000-2000 ；200-500,7777（逗号分隔）
proto   ：【 tcp | udp 】
    说明：指定端口的协议 ；例如：proto=tcp；proto=udp
reload   ：【 yes | no 】
    说明：提交后重新加载SELinux策略
setype
    说明：指定端口的selinux类型 ；例如：http服务：setype=http_port_t
state    ：【 present | absent 】
    说明：指定端口的状态：
        present       #添加允许开放该端口
        absent        #删除/关闭该端口

实例：

 //查看受控主机上是否开放777端口
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'semanage port -l | grep http'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
http_cache_port_t              tcp      8080, 8118, 8123, 10001-10010
http_cache_port_t              udp      3130
http_port_t                    tcp      80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000
pegasus_http_port_t            tcp      5988
pegasus_https_port_t           tcp      5989
  //semanage命令需要安装额外的安装包才能使用该命令，我这是提前安装好了的

 //使用seport模块允许开放777端口
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m seport -a 'ports=777 proto=tcp setype=http_port_t state=present'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "ports": [
        "777"
    ],
    "proto": "tcp",
    "setype": "http_port_t",
    "state": "present"
}

 //查看受控主机上是否开放777端口
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'semanage port -l | grep http'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
http_cache_port_t              tcp      8080, 8118, 8123, 10001-10010
http_cache_port_t              udp      3130
http_port_t                    tcp      777, 80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000
pegasus_http_port_t            tcp      5988
pegasus_https_port_t           tcp      5989

 //关闭777端口
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m seport -a 'ports=777 proto=tcp setype=http_port_t state=absent'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "ports": [
        "777"
    ],
    "proto": "tcp",
    "setype": "http_port_t",
    "state": "absent"
}

 //查看777端口是否删除
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'semanage port -l | grep http'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
http_cache_port_t              tcp      8080, 8118, 8123, 10001-10010
http_cache_port_t              udp      3130
http_port_t                    tcp      80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000
pegasus_http_port_t            tcp      5988
pegasus_https_port_t           tcp      5989

15、mount模块

1️⃣：mount模块用来挂载目录，也可以用来挂载镜像文件

2️⃣：mount常用的参数：

src
    说明：选择所要安装文件的路径；当状态设置为present或mounted，必须使用该参数
path
    说明：挂载的路径；例如 path=/mnt/files
fstype
    说明：挂载文件系统类型；当状态为present或mounted，必须使用该参数
state   ：【 mounted | unmounted | remounted | present | absent 】
    说明：
        mounted：如果是mounted，将在fstab中主动安装设备并进行适当配置；如果没有安装点，则将创建安装点
        如果是unmounted，则无需更改fstab即可卸载设备
        remounted指定要在挂载本身上强制刷新时重新安装设备
        present仅指定要在fstab中配置设备，并且不触发或不需要安装
        absent指定将设备安装项从fstab中删除，还将卸载设备并删除安装点
opts
    说明：以什么方式挂载；例如：ro,rw

实例：

//查看/dev/sr0是否已经挂载
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'df -h'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               887M     0  887M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  904M  8.6M  895M   1% /run
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   50G  1.7G   49G   4% /
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   27G  225M   27G   1% /home
/dev/nvme0n1p1        1014M  173M  842M  17% /boot
tmpfs                  181M     0  181M   0% /run/user/0

 //挂载/dev/s/sr0到/mnt
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m mount -a 'src=/dev/sr0 path=/mnt fstype=iso9660 state=mounted'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dump": "0",
    "fstab": "/etc/fstab",
    "fstype": "iso9660",
    "name": "/mnt",
    "opts": "defaults",
    "passno": "0",
    "src": "/dev/sr0"
}

 //查看是否挂载
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'df -h'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               887M     0  887M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  904M  8.6M  895M   1% /run
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   50G  1.7G   49G   4% /
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   27G  225M   27G   1% /home
/dev/nvme0n1p1        1014M  173M  842M  17% /boot
tmpfs                  181M     0  181M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0               7.4G  7.4G     0 100% /mnt

 //卸载
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m mount -a 'src=/dev/sr0 path=/mnt state=unmounted'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dump": "0",
    "fstab": "/etc/fstab",
    "name": "/mnt",
    "opts": "defaults",
    "passno": "0",
    "src": "/dev/sr0"
}

 //查看是否卸载成功
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'df -h'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs               887M     0  887M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  904M  8.6M  895M   1% /run
tmpfs                  904M     0  904M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   50G  1.7G   49G   4% /
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   27G  225M   27G   1% /home
/dev/nvme0n1p1        1014M  173M  842M  17% /boot
tmpfs                  181M     0  181M   0% /run/user/0

 //查看/etc/fstab文件是否删除信息
[root@ansible ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'cat /etc/fstab'
192.168.121.81 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Aug 26 03:25:38 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=234365dc-2262-452e-9cbb-a6acfde04385 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0

16、yum_repository模块

1️⃣：yum_repository模块是用来添加或删除YUM仓库的

2️⃣：yum_repository模块常用的参数：

name 
    说明：唯一的存储库ID。也就是配置文件中“[ ]”中括号中写的内容；名称必须唯一name参数是必须设置的；仅当状态设置为present或时，才需要此参数absent
description
    说明：人类可读的字符串，描述存储库；也就是配置文件中name=描述的字符串；仅在state设置为present时才需要此参数
baseurl
    说明：yum存储库“ repodata”目录所在目录的URL；它也可以是多个URL的列表；说白了就是给仓库的地址；如果需要的参数状态设置为present
enbaled   ：【 yes | no 】
    说明：yum是否使用此存储库
        yes       代表启用        
        no        代表不启用
pgpcheck  ：【 yes | no 】
    说明：yum是否应该对软件包执行GPG签名检查；可选boolean值：
        yes        如果设置启用签名检查：则需要写入gpgkey=URL
        no         不启用签名检查
file 
    说明：不带 .repo 扩展名的文件名，用于保存存储库。默认为name的值。
        如果设置里name参数，name改变的是文件中[ ] 中中括号中的值；而file改变的是文件名的名称
        如果设置了name参数，但不给值，name就使用DEFAULT作为仓库的名称；file任然是改变文件名的名称 
state   ：【 present | absent 】
    说明：repo 文件的状态（是否创建）

3️⃣：演示实例：

 //查看playbook
 [root@localhost ~]# cat playbook.yml 
---
- hosts: client
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
    - name: add repository
      yum_repository:
        name: dvd
        baseurl: https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
        description: my first repo
        enabled: yes
        gpgcheck: no
        file: jjyy

 //执行playbook后，查看
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
jjyy.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat jjyy.repo 
[dvd]
baseurl = https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
name = my first repo

posted @ 2020-08-26 09:00 阮小言阅读(539) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

会员力量，点亮园子希望

刷新页面返回顶部

阮小言

Ansible_常用模块

一、Ansible常用模块

1、ansible常用模块command、shell、raw的区别：

二、Ansible常用模块使用详解

1、ping模块

2、user模块

3、group模块

4、yum模块

5、command模块

6、shell模块

7、raw模块

8、script模块

9、service模块

10、copy模块

11、template模块

12、firewalld模块

13、selinux模块

14、seport模块

15、mount模块

16、yum_repository模块

公告