防火墙
华为仿真防火墙USG6000V
实验拓扑
初始化更改密码
初次使用设置密码
Username:admin
Password:Admin@123
The password needs to be changed. Change now? [Y/N]: Y
Please enter old password: Admin@123
Please enter new password: admin@123
Please confirm new password: admin@123
Info: Your password has been changed. Save the change to survive a reboot.
*************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 2014-2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. *
* All rights reserved. *
* Without the owner's prior written consent, *
* no decompiling or reverse-engineering shall be allowed. *
*************************************************************************
<USG6000V1>
配置IP
设置端口的IP地址，用于访问web或者远程
[USG6000V1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[USG6000V1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.10.20.10 24
开放权限
开放权限有服务分开给，按需求给权限，但是我选择all全部给权限不仅可以web访问还可以Telnet访问
[USG6000V1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[USG6000V1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]service-manage ?
all ALL service
enable Service manage switch on/off
http HTTP service
https HTTPS service
ping Ping service
snmp SNMP service
ssh SSH service
telnet Telnet service
[USG6000V1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]service-manage all permit
"防火墙里面不能ping外面，但是外面可以ping通防火墙"http的方式访问同通过HTTPS的方式加密端口8443访问华为web页面
防火墙的基础配置
实验拓扑
- 掌握防火墙安全区域的配置方法
- 掌握安全策略的配置方法
你是公司的网络管理员。公司总部的网络分成了三个区域，包括内部区域（Trust）、外部区域（Untrust）和服务器区域（DMZ）。你设计通过防火墙来实现对数据的控制，确保公司内部网络安全，并通过DMZ区域对外网提供服务。
配置与 IP 编址
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.10.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]interface loopback 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface loopback 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.30.1 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface loopback 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24防火墙默认会启用GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口的ip地址，为避免干扰，可以删除。
<USG6300>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[USG6300]sysname FW
[FW]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo ip address
[FW-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[FW]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 10.0.10.254 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit
[FW]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip address 10.0.20.254 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit
[FW]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]ip address 10.0.30.254 24
[FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]quit配置交换机
配置交换机的IP地址和VLAN的划分
[Quidway]sysname S1
[S1]vlan batch 11 to 13
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 11
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 12
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 13
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/21
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]port default vlan 11
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/21]quit
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/22
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port default vlan 12
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]quit
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/23
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/23]port default vlan 13在R1、R2和R3上配置缺省路由，在FW上配置明确的静态路由，实现三个Loopback0接口连接的网段之间路由畅通。
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.10.254
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.20.254
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.30.254
[FW]ip route-static 10.0.1.0 24 10.0.10.1
[FW]ip route-static 10.0.2.0 24 10.0.20.1
[FW]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.30.1配置防火墙区域
防火墙上默认有四个区域，分别是“local“、”trust“、”untrust“、”dmz“。实验中我们使用到“trust“、”untrust“和”dmz“三个区域，分别将对应接口加入各安全区域，由于默认配置将GE0/0/0加入了“trust”区域，为避免干扰，将其删除。
[FW]firewall zone dmz
[FW-zone-dmz]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[FW-zone-dmz]quit
[FW]firewall zone trust
[FW-zone-trust]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW-zone-trust]undo add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[FW-zone-trust]quit
[FW]firewall zone untrust
[FW-zone-untrust]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW-zone-untrust]quit配置安全策略
如果防火墙域间没有配置安全策略，或查找安全策略时，所有的安全策略都没有命中，则默认执行域间的缺省包过滤动作（拒绝通过）。配置安全策略，仅允许Trust区域访问其他区域，不允许其他区域之间的访问。
[FW]security-policy
[FW-policy-security]rule name policy_sec_1
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]source-zone trust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]destination-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_1]quit
[FW-policy-security]rule name policy_sec_2
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]source-zone trust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]destination-zone dmz
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]action permit
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_2]quit
[FW-policy-security]quit检查配置结果：
[FW]display security-policy all
Total:3
RULE ID RULE NAME STATE ACTION HITTED
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 default enable deny 0
1 policy_sec_1 enable permit 0
2 policy_sec_2 enable permit 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[FW]display security-policy rule policy_sec_1
(0 times matched)
rule name policy_sec_1
source-zone trust
destination-zone untrust
action permit
[FW]display security-policy rule policy_sec_2
(0 times matched)
rule name policy_sec_2
source-zone trust
destination-zone dmz
action permit测试连通性
检查从trust到untrust和dmz的连通性：
[R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms
--- 10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
[R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3
PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms
--- 10.0.3.3 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
检查从untrust到trust和dmz的连通性：
[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.2.2
PING 10.0.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
--- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
0 packet(s) received
100.00% packet loss以trust区域为源的数据可以访问untrust和dmz，但以其他区域为源的数据不能互访。
配置域间包过滤策略，允许Untrust区域访问DMZ区域的特定服务器。DMZ区域有一台服务器，IP地址为10.0.3.3，需要对Untrust区域开放Telnet服务。同时为了测试网络，需要开放ICMP Ping测试功能
[FW]security-policy
[FW-policy-security]rule name policy_sec_3
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]source-zone untrust
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]destination-zone dmz
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]destination-address 10.0.3.3 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]service icmp
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]service telnet
[FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_3]action permit为了能在进行Telnet测试，在R3上开启Telnet功能
[R3]telnet server enable
[R3]aaa
[R3-aaa]local-user test password irreversible-cipher Admin@123
[R3-aaa]local-user test service-type telnet
[R3-aaa]quit
[R3]user-interface vty 0 4
[R3-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[R3-ui-vty0-4]protocol inbound telnet在R1上面进行测试
<R1>telnet 10.0.3.3
Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
Trying 10.0.3.3 ...
Connected to 10.0.3.3 ...
Login authentication
Username:test
Password:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
User last login information:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Access Type: Telnet
IP-Address : 10.0.10.1
Time : 2016-09-25 03:29:23+00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<R3>quit
Info:Configuration console exit, please retry to log on
The connection was closed by the remote host
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