常用的PC/SC接口函数
PC/SC规范是一个基于WINDOWS平台的一个标准用户接口（API），提供了一个从个人电脑（Personal Computer）到智能卡（SmartCard）的整合环境，PC/SC规范建立在工业标准-ISO7816和EMV标准的基础上，但它对底层的设备接口和独立于设备的应用API接口（例如用来允许多个应用共享使用系统同一张智能卡的资源管理器）做了更详尽的补充。PC/SC体系由三个主要部件组成，分别规定的操作系统厂商、读写器（IFD）厂商、智能卡（ICC）厂商的职责。PC/SC的API函数由操作系统提供，在微软公司提供的MSDN有相关帮助（路径\\MSDN\Platform
SDK\Security\Smart Card），函数声明在Winscard.h中。
由于经常使用，所以我将PC/SC几个常用函数进行封装，方便调用。
1.载入头文件
#include <WinSCard.h> #pragma comment(lib,"WinSCard.lib") #define NUMBER_OF_READERS 4 #define INDEX_LENGTH 2 #define KEY_LENGTH 32 #define NAME_LENGTH 100 #define MAX_INPUT 1024 #define MAX_OUTPUT 4000 #define MAX_RESPONSE 2000
2 建立资源管理器的上下文，并获得读卡器列表
/************************************************************************/
/*
与读卡器建立连接
返回：连接失败0，否则返回读卡器列表数目
*/
/************************************************************************/
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int CardReaderInit(
char* messageBuffer, //_out_ 返回错误信息
char(*ReaderName)[NAME_LENGTH], //_out_ 返回读卡器列表信息
SCARDCONTEXT* ContextHandle //_out_ 返回读卡器句柄
)
{
// extra initialization
//char ReaderName[NUMBER_OF_READERS][NAME_LENGTH];
memset(messageBuffer, 0, NAME_LENGTH);
memset(ReaderName[0], 0, NAME_LENGTH);
memset(ReaderName[1], 0, NAME_LENGTH);
memset(ReaderName[2], 0, NAME_LENGTH);
memset(ReaderName[3], 0, NAME_LENGTH);
PBYTE pOutBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_OUTPUT);
int OutBufferLine = 0;
PBYTE pResponseBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_RESPONSE);
memset(pResponseBuffer, 0x00, MAX_RESPONSE);
//
// Open a context which communication to the Resource Manager
//
long ret = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER, NULL, NULL, ContextHandle);
if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardEstablishContext returned 0x%X error code.", ret);
return false;
}
int ReaderCount = 0;
unsigned long ResponseLength = MAX_RESPONSE;
ret = SCardListReaders(*ContextHandle, 0, (char *)pResponseBuffer, &ResponseLength);
if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardListReaders returned 0x%X error code.", ret);
return false;
}
else {
unsigned int StringLen = 0;
SCARDHANDLE CardHandle = NULL;
while (ResponseLength > StringLen + 1) {
strcpy(ReaderName[ReaderCount], (LPCTSTR)pResponseBuffer + StringLen);
DWORD ActiveProtocol = 0;
ret = SCardConnect(*ContextHandle, ReaderName[ReaderCount], SCARD_SHARE_SHARED, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1, &CardHandle, &ActiveProtocol);
if (ret != SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER)
ReaderCount++;
if (ret == SCARD_S_SUCCESS)
SCardDisconnect(CardHandle, SCARD_EJECT_CARD);
StringLen += strlen((LPCTSTR)pResponseBuffer + StringLen + 1);
StringLen += 2;
}
}
if (ReaderCount == 0) {
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "No driver is available for use with the resource manager!");
return false;
}
return ReaderCount;
}3 读卡器与智能卡连接
/************************************************************************/
/*
与卡片建立连接
返回：连接失败0，否则返回1
*/
/************************************************************************/
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool CardConnect(
SCARDCONTEXT ContextHandle, //_in_ 传入读卡器句柄
char(*ReaderName)[NAME_LENGTH], //_in_ 传入读卡器列表信息(二维数组)
int actName, //_in_ 传入选择的列表序号
SCARDHANDLE *CardHandle, //_out_ 返回卡片句柄
long* ProtocolType, //_out_ 返回卡片协议
char* messageBuffer //_out_ 返回错误信息
)
{ // <span style="font-family: 'Courier New';font-size:14px;">ScardTransmit </span><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8257336.htm" style="font-family: 'Courier New';font-size:14px;">http://baike.baidu.com/view/8257336.htm</a>
DWORD ActiveProtocol = 0;
*ProtocolType = SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1;
long ret = SCardConnect(ContextHandle, ReaderName[actName], SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE, *ProtocolType, CardHandle, &ActiveProtocol);
memset(messageBuffer, 0x00, sizeof(messageBuffer) / sizeof(char));
if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS){
GetErrorCode(ret, messageBuffer);
return false;
}
*ProtocolType = ActiveProtocol;
switch (*ProtocolType) {
case SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardConnect ok\nProtocoltype = T0");
break;
case SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardConnect ok\nProtocoltype = T1");
break;
default:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function SCardConnect ok\n%.8x", ActiveProtocol);
break;
}
return true;
}
4 断开与读卡器的连接
/************************************************************************/
/*
与卡片断开连接
返回：连接成功0.否则错误http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374738(v=vs.85).aspx
*/
/************************************************************************/
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) long CardDisconnect(
SCARDHANDLE CardHandle //_in_ 传入卡片句柄
)
{
return SCardDisconnect(CardHandle, SCARD_EJECT_CARD);
}5 释放资源管理上下文
/************************************************************************/
/*
与读卡器断开连接
返回：连接成功0.否则错误http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374738(v=vs.85).aspx
*/
/************************************************************************/
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) long CardReaderDisconnect(
SCARDCONTEXT ContextHandle //_in_ 传入读卡器句柄
)
{
return SCardReleaseContext(ContextHandle);
}6 向智能卡发送指令
int Transmit(byte* cmd,
long ProtocolType,
SCARDHANDLE CardHandle
)
int Transmit(byte* cmd, long ProtocolType, SCARDHANDLE CardHandle)
{
char mhstr[MAX_INPUT];
char buf[MAX_INPUT / 2];
PBYTE pInBuffer;
PBYTE pResponseBuffer;
memset(mhstr, 0, MAX_INPUT);
sprintf_s(mhstr, MAX_INPUT, "%s", cmd);
int bufferLen = AToHex((char *)&mhstr, (BYTE *)&buf);
if (!bufferLen) {
return false;
}
SCARD_IO_REQUEST IO_Request;
IO_Request.dwProtocol = ProtocolType;
IO_Request.cbPciLength = (DWORD) sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST);
pInBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_INPUT);
memcpy(pInBuffer, buf, bufferLen);
pResponseBuffer = (PBYTE)malloc(MAX_INPUT);
memset(pResponseBuffer, 0x00, bufferLen);
unsigned long ResponseLength = MAX_RESPONSE;
long ret = SCardTransmit(CardHandle, &IO_Request, pInBuffer, bufferLen, 0, pResponseBuffer, &ResponseLength);
if (ret != SCARD_S_SUCCESS){
GetErrorCode(ret, (char*)cmd);
return false;
}
DataX::AscToHex(pResponseBuffer, ResponseLength, cmd);
cmd[ResponseLength * 2] = 0x00;
return ResponseLength * 2;
}7 获取错误信息
void GetErrorCode(long ret, char* messageBuffer)
{
switch (ret) {
case SCARD_E_CANCELLED:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The action was cancelled by an SCardCancel request.");
break;
case SCARD_E_CANT_DISPOSE:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The system could not dispose of the media in the requested manner.");
break;
case SCARD_E_CARD_UNSUPPORTED:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The smart card does not meet minimal requirements for support.");
break;
case SCARD_E_DUPLICATE_READER:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader driver didn't produce a unique reader name.");
break;
case SCARD_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The data buffer to receive returned data is too small for the returned data.");
break;
case SCARD_E_INVALID_ATR:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An ATR obtained from the registry is not a valid ATR string.");
break;
case SCARD_E_INVALID_HANDLE:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The supplied handle was invalid.");
break;
case SCARD_E_INVALID_PARAMETER:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "One or more of the supplied parameters could not be properly interpreted.");
break;
case SCARD_E_INVALID_TARGET:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Registry startup information is missing or invalid.");
break;
case SCARD_E_INVALID_VALUE:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "One or more of the supplied parameters?values could not be properly interpreted.");
break;
case SCARD_E_NOT_READY:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader or card is not ready to accept commands.");
break;
case SCARD_E_NOT_TRANSACTED:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An attempt was made to end a non-existent transaction.");
break;
case SCARD_E_NO_MEMORY:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Not enough memory available to complete this command.");
break;
case SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The Smart card resource manager is not running.");
break;
case SCARD_E_NO_SMARTCARD:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The operation requires a smart card but no smart card is currently in the device.");
break;
case SCARD_E_PCI_TOO_SMALL:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The PCI Receive buffer was too small.");
break;
case SCARD_E_PROTO_MISMATCH:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The requested protocols are incompatible with the protocol currently in use with the card.");
break;
case SCARD_E_READER_UNAVAILABLE:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The specified reader is not currently available for use.");
break;
case SCARD_E_READER_UNSUPPORTED:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader driver does not meet minimal requirements for support.");
break;
case SCARD_E_SERVICE_STOPPED:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The Smart card resource manager has shut down.");
break;
case SCARD_E_SHARING_VIOLATION:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card cannot be accessed because of other connections outstanding.");
break;
case SCARD_E_SYSTEM_CANCELLED:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The action was cancelled by the system presumably to log off or shut down.");
break;
case SCARD_E_TIMEOUT:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The user-specified timeout value has expired.");
break;
case SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_CARD:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The specified card name is not recognized.");
break;
case SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_READER:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The specified reader name is not recognized.");
break;
case SCARD_F_COMM_ERROR:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal communications error has been detected.");
break;
case SCARD_F_INTERNAL_ERROR:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal consistency check failed.");
break;
case SCARD_F_UNKNOWN_ERROR:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal error has been detected but the source is unknown.");
break;
case SCARD_F_WAITED_TOO_LONG:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "An internal consistency timer has expired.");
break;
case SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "OK");
break;
case SCARD_W_REMOVED_CARD:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card has been removed so that further communication is not possible.");
break;
case SCARD_W_RESET_CARD:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card has been reset so any shared state information is invalid.");
break;
case SCARD_W_UNPOWERED_CARD:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Power has been removed from the card so that further communication is not possible.");
break;
case SCARD_W_UNRESPONSIVE_CARD:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The card is not responding to a reset.");
break;
case SCARD_W_UNSUPPORTED_CARD:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "The reader cannot communicate with the card due to ATR configuration conflicts.");
break;
default:
sprintf_s(messageBuffer, NAME_LENGTH, "Function returned unknown error code: #%ld", ret);
break;
}
}8 复位卡片
bool CpuReset(SCARDHANDLE CardHandle, byte* atr)
{
CHAR szReader[200];
DWORD cch = 200;
BYTE bAttr[32];
DWORD cByte = 32;
DWORD dwState, dwProtocol;
LONG lReturn;
string AtrValue;
memset(bAttr, 0, 32);
memset(szReader, 0, 200);
// Determine the status.
// hCardHandle was set by an earlier call to SCardConnect.
lReturn = SCardStatus(CardHandle,
szReader,
&cch,
&dwState,
&dwProtocol,
(LPBYTE)&bAttr,
&cByte);
if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != lReturn)
return FALSE;
DataX::AscToHex(bAttr, cByte, atr);
return TRUE;
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