package Entropy;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Entropy {
public static double Entropy(String str) {
double H = 0.0;
int sum = 0;
int[] letter = new int[26];
str = str.toUpperCase();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
letter[c - 'A']++;
sum++;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
double p = 1.0 * letter[i] / sum;
if (p > 0) {
H += (p * Math.log(p) / Math.log(2));
}
}
return H;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String string= scanner.next();
double H=Entropy(string);
System.out.println(H);
}
}