获取镜像
命令格式：docker pull NAME[:TAG]
NAME：表示镜像仓库名称。TAG：表示镜像标签
如果不显式指定TAG，则默认会选择latest标签，也就是最新版本
[root@server01 ~]# docker pull ubuntu:16.04 16.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu fe703b657a32: Pull complete #层的id f9df1fafd224: Pull complete a645a4b887f9: Pull complete 57db7fe0b522: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e9938f45e51d9ff46e2b05a62e0546d0f07489b7f22fbc5288defe760599e38a Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:16.04 docker.io/library/ubuntu:16.04
镜像文件是由若干层（layer）组成。当不同的镜像包括相同的层时，本地仅存储一份内容，以减少存储空间。
默认是从docker hub这个官方仓库地址下载镜像
从非官方仓库下载镜像，需要在镜像名称前指定完整的仓库地址
[root@server01 ~]# docker pull hub.c.163.com/public/ubuntu:16.04 16.04: Pulling from public/ubuntu 8a2df099fc1a: Pull complete 09aa8e119200: Pull complete 21a4b8922479: Pull complete a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete bd2a9dfe68fa: Pull complete f132d6d54cc2: Pull complete 099b34b8b564: Pull complete 23afed40f2e5: Pull complete Digest: sha256:aef5a02062dcb047849076148c2a68ceb64531a0de64f96e9662208cd9dcadeb Status: Downloaded newer image for hub.c.163.com/public/ubuntu:16.04 hub.c.163.com/public/ubuntu:16.04
查看镜像信息
1 使用 images 命令列出镜像
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
docker images 等同于docker image ls
[root@server01 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu 16.04 77be327e4b63 12 days ago 124MB busybox v4 887961b12ca4 3 weeks ago 1.44MB busybox v3 8df0cac73694 3 weeks ago 1.44MB
字段信息：
REPOSITORY：来自哪个仓库。比如ubuntu 表示ubuntu系列的基础镜像
TAG：镜像的标签信息
IMAGE ID：镜像ID。若镜像ID相同，则实际指向同一个镜像，只是不同的标签而已
CREATED：镜像最后的更新时间
SIZE：镜像大小。优秀的镜像一般都很小
2 使用tag命令添加镜像标签
Usage: docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
[root@server01 ~]# docker tag ubuntu:16.04 huazai007/ubuntu:v1 [root@server01 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE huazai007/ubuntu v1 77be327e4b63 12 days ago 124MB
3 使用inspect 命令查看镜像详细信息（制作者，适用架构，各层的数字摘要）
Usage: docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
[root@server01 ~]# docker inspect ubuntu:16.04
[
{
"Id": "sha256:77be327e4b63498e0faaa065d30d7c0e5499e42a09275ee19e27fd9a93cde7d7",
"RepoTags": [
"huazai007/ubuntu:v1",
"aa:v1",
"ubuntu:16.04"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"ubuntu@sha256:e9938f45e51d9ff46e2b05a62e0546d0f07489b7f22fbc5288defe760599e38a"
],
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。等等
-f 指定输出内容
[root@server01 ~]# docker inspect -f {{.ContainerConfig.Hostname}} ubuntu:16.04
039b7d3536d8
4 使用history命令查看镜像历史 =================》可以说一下 docker 特有的文件系统和存储原理
Usage: docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
该命令将列出镜像文件各层的创建信息
[root@server01 ~]# docker history ubuntu:16.04 IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 77be327e4b63 12 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B <missing> 12 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do… 7B <missing> 12 days ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /… 745B <missing> 12 days ago /bin/sh -c rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* 0B <missing> 12 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:1f70668251e2e58ce… 124MB
注意：过长的命令被截断了，可以使用docker history ubuntu:16.04 --no-trunc 显示完整命令
搜寻镜像
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
搜索官方（Official）提供的带nginx关键字的镜像
[root@server01 ~]# docker search -f=is-official=true nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 12749 [OK]
搜索所有收藏数超过20的关键词保持nginx的镜像。输出结果将按照星界进行排序
[root@server01 ~]# docker search -f=stars=20 nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 12749 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1748 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 758 [OK]
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 94
删除和清理镜像
1 使用标签删除镜像
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
[root@server01 ~]# docker rmi busybox:v4 Untagged: busybox:v4 Deleted: sha256:887961b12ca4fc6454248fad0fe77c46344d3d1b5ed732257a8d0caf8a91314d
当同一个镜像用有多个标签的时候，docker rmi 命令试试删除了该镜像多个标签中的指定标签而已，不会影响镜像文件。
当镜像只有一个标签的时候，docker rmi会彻底删除该镜像的所有文件层
[root@server01 ~]# docker rmi -f huazai007_redis:v1 Untagged: huazai007_redis:v1 Deleted: sha256:d8de015bb9e69b299700d121fe7f254d4c5a3442193f7bf44ded5b072492f218 Deleted: sha256:9a1e3a8ec3ecef1b865a3822a523ac63c2ca79024b8f9f582015a7254c78e3c9
2 使用镜像ID来删除镜像
报错信息表示：该镜像被使用，要删的话+ -f 强制删
[root@server01 ~]# docker rmi 2073e0bcb60e Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 2073e0bcb60e (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories [root@server01 ~]# docker rmi -f 2073e0bcb60e Untagged: hehe:v1 Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:ad5552c786f128e389a0263104ae39f3d3c7895579d45ae716f528185b36bc6f Deleted: sha256:2073e0bcb60ee98548d313ead5eacbfe16d9054f8800a32bedd859922a99a6e1
3 清理镜像
注意：-a 慎用，它会删除所有无用镜像，而不仅仅是临时镜像文件
[root@server01 ~]# docker image prune -a WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them. Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y Deleted Images: untagged: hub.c.163.com/public/ubuntu:16.04
创建镜像
1 基于已有容器创建
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
首先：启动一个容器，并入容器终端，创建文件test
[root@server01 ~]# docker run -it ubuntu:16.04 /bin/bash root@b6fb0a6bb5a8:/# touch test root@b6fb0a6bb5a8:/#
-a：作者
-m：提交信息
b6fb0a6bb5a8：这是原始镜像ID
huazai007:v1 生成新的镜像
[root@server01 ~]# docker commit -a "huazai007" -m "add new file" b6fb0a6bb5a8 huazai007:v1 sha256:cf06117dc26c297ca4065b59d19717b4feadb504efb8954ef977c5c509239531 [root@server01 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE huazai007 v1 cf06117dc26c 4 seconds ago 124MB
2 基于本地模板导入
[root@server01 ~]# docker import --help
Usage: docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
首先：将id为fc2f2ca7626d的容器按日期保存为tar文件。
（docker export）：用于持久化容器
（docker save）：用于持久化镜像
[root@server01 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES fc2f2ca7626d nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 80/tcp objective_swanson b6fb0a6bb5a8 ubuntu:16.04 "/bin/bash" 22 minutes ago Exited (0) 19 minutes ago crazy_bose [root@server01 ~]# docker export -o nginx-20200306.tar fc2f2ca7626d [root@server01 ~]# ll 总用量 127304 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 2月 10 14:54 10 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 2月 10 14:53 5 -rw-------. 1 root root 1257 2月 10 00:55 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-------. 1 root root 1446400 2月 10 17:03 busybox.tar.gz -rw-------. 1 root root 128901632 3月 5 23:55 nginx-20200306.tar
再次：从镜像归档文件nginx-20200306.tar创建镜像，命名为huazai007/nginx:v1
[root@server01 ~]# docker import nginx-20200306.tar huazai007/nginx:v1 sha256:e86d007dfd78973a608080b6efa9cf26691880615dc927b96d228bc1df84fd8f [root@server01 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE huazai007/nginx v1 e86d007dfd78 7 seconds ago 125MB
3 基于Dockerfile创建
利用给定的指令描述基于某个基础镜像（仅包含一个操作系统）来创建新镜像。
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile
cd /usr/local/src/workshop
vim Dockerfile
[root@server01 workshop]# cat Dockerfile FROM busybox:1.27.2 COPY index.html /data/htdocs/
开始构建镜像
[root@server01 workshop]# docker build -t huazai007/busybox:v1 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB Step 1/2 : FROM busybox:1.27.2 1.27.2: Pulling from library/busybox 0ffadd58f2a6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:bbc3a03235220b170ba48a157dd097dd1379299370e1ed99ce976df0355d24f0 Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:1.27.2 ---> 6ad733544a63 Step 2/2 : COPY index.html /data/htdocs/ ---> 8990dc141bc3 Successfully built 8990dc141bc3 Successfully tagged huazai007/busybox:v1 [root@server01 workshop]# pwd /usr/local/src/workshop [root@server01 workshop]# ll 总用量 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 50 3月 6 00:11 Dockerfile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 3月 6 00:09 index.html
运行容器并进入容器内
[root@server01 workshop]# docker run -it huazai007/busybox:v1
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # ls /data/
htdocs
/ # ls /data/htdocs/
index.html
/ #
存出镜像和载入镜像
（docker export）：用于持久化容器
（docker save）：用于持久化镜像
1 存储镜像
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
导出busybox:1.27.2镜像为 busybox_20200206.tar
[root@server01 ~]# docker save -o busybox_20200206.tar busybox:1.27.2 [root@server01 ~]# ll 总用量 128620 -rw-------. 1 root root 1347072 3月 6 00:35 busybox_20200206.tar
2 载入镜像
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
[root@server01 ~]# docker load -i busybox_20200206.tar
Loaded image: busybox:1.27.2
[root@server01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox 1.27.2 6ad733544a63 2 years ago 1.13MB
上传镜像
Usage: docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
Push an image or a repository to a registry
默认上传到docker hub官方仓库
首先登陆官方仓库
[root@server01 .docker]# docker login Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one. Username: huazai007 Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded [root@server01 .docker]#
然后：给镜像添加新的标签（和你的注册用户名一致！）
[root@server01 ~]# docker tag ubuntu:16.04 huazai007/ubuntu:v1
[root@server01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
huazai007/ubuntu v1 77be327e4b63 12 days ago 124MB
[root@server01 ~]# docker push huazai007/busybox The push refers to repository [docker.io/huazai007/busybox] dd46f9c78bba: Pushed 0271b8eebde3: Mounted from library/busybox v1: digest: sha256:d3f0c183c2a6032feda46f47500ab531abe4e3f46b40da5ffa9b4e772d135945 size: 734
