Windows10安装MySQL
下载社区版的MySQL,
最新版本下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
历史版本下载地址:https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
我下载的是 8.0.30 版本,下载压缩包

下载完成的压缩包文件名:mysql-8.0.30-winx64.zip
把压缩包解压,我的解压目录是: D:\tools\mysql-8.0.30-winx64 ,解压后的内容如下:

在解压目录里创建一个txt文件,并把名称改为 my.ini
my.ini 文件的常用配置
[client] #客户端设置,即客户端默认的连接参数
# 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口
port=3306
#默认编码
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql] #客户端设置
#MySQL 提示符配置
#用户名@主机名+mysql版本号+数据库名
prompt=\\u@\\h \\v [\\d]>\\_
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld] #服务端基本设置
# 默认连接端口
port=3306
# MySQL安装根目录的路径
basedir=D:\\tools\\mysql-8.0.30-winx64
# MySQL服务器数据目录的路径
datadir=D:\\tools\\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\\data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 允许连接失败的次数。这是为了防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统
max_connect_errors=10
#服务端默认编码
character_set_server = utf8mb4
#在创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# 配置时区
default-time_zone='+8:00'
1、以管理员身份运行命令提示符,下转到mysql的bin目录下
执行安装命令:mysqld --install "MySQL" --defaults-file="D:\tools\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\my.ini"
MySQL的路径要填写正确,返回 Service successfully installed. 表示安装成功。
D:\tools\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin>mysqld --install "MySQL" --defaults-file="D:\tools\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\my.ini" Service successfully installed.
执行初始化命令:mysqld --initialize --console
初始化成功后,会生成一个数据库的随机初始密码:RivY<pS?R1C2 每次安装的初始密码都会不同,需要记住,如果忘记可删除安装目录的 data 文件夹重新初始化。
D:\tools\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin>mysqld --initialize --console 2025-04-02T06:41:09.609904Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\tools\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 19924 2025-04-02T06:41:09.639172Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2025-04-02T06:41:10.073610Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2025-04-02T06:41:11.073444Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: RivY<pS?R1C2
登录MySQL命令:mysql -uroot -p
当输入正确的密码后,就会进入MySQL的内部命令行。
D:\tools\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.30
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
root@localhost 8.0.30 [(none)]>
把登录密码改为123456:ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
root@localhost 8.0.30 [(none)]> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看 my.ini 配置文件是否生效:\s
root@localhost 8.0.30 [(none)]> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 8.0.30 for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 8
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Cipher in use is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.30
Protocol version: 10
Connection: localhost via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8mb4
Db characterset: utf8mb4
Client characterset: utf8mb4
Conn. characterset: utf8mb4
TCP port: 3306
Binary data as: Hexadecimal
Uptime: 3 min 57 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 8 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 130 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 46 Queries per second avg: 0.033
--------------
退出MySQL命令行:\q
root@localhost 8.0.30 [(none)]> \q Bye
一行命令登录MySQL:mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -p123456
mysql:安装的系统服务(不区分大小写)
-u:user的简写,后跟用户名
-h:host的简写,后跟主机名
-p:password的简写,后跟密码
MySQL启动命令:net start mysql
MySQL关闭命令:net stop mysql
查看是否安装MySQL:sc query mysql
删除MySQL服务:sc delete mysql
查询MySQL版本:mysql --version
参考文档:https://blog.csdn.net/2401_84578953/article/details/146337799

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