php mvc原理实例
mvc目录结构
/mvc
- app
- constroller
- IndexController.php
- model
- StudentModel.php
- view
- index.tpl
- students.tpl
- config
- config.php
- core
- App.php
- Controller.php
- Model.php
- PdoMysql.php
- SmartySetup.php
- public
- runtime
- cache
- templates_c
- vendor
- smarty
index.php
单一入口文件index.php
<?php
//添加入口标识
use core\App;
define('ACCESS',true);
//定义根目录
define('ROOT_PATH',str_replace('\\','/',__DIR__.'/'));
//加载初始化文件
include './core/App.php';
//激活入口
App::start();
核心文件
/core/App.php
<?php
namespace core;
//安全判断
if (!defined('ACCESS')) {
header('location:../index.php');
exit;
}
class App
{
//入口方法
public static function start()
{
//设置路径常量
self::setPath();
//设置配置文件
self::setConfig();
//设置错误
self::setError();
//解析URL
self::setUrl();
//注册自动加载类
self::setAutoload();
//分发控制器
self::setDispatch();
}
//设置路径常量
private static function setPath()
{
define("CORE_PATH", ROOT_PATH . 'core/');
define("APP_PATH", ROOT_PATH . 'app/');
define("CONTROLLER_PATH", APP_PATH . 'controller/');
define("MODEL_PATH", APP_PATH . 'model/');
define("VIEW_PATH", APP_PATH . 'view/');
define("VENDOR_PATH", ROOT_PATH . 'vendor/');
define("CONFIG_PATH", ROOT_PATH . 'config/');
define("RUNTIME_PATH", ROOT_PATH . 'runtime/');
}
//设置配置文件
private static function setConfig()
{
global $config;
$config = include CONFIG_PATH . 'config.php';
}
//设置错误
private static function setError()
{
global $config;
@ini_set('error_reporting', $config['system']['error_reporting']);
@ini_set('display_errors', $config['system']['display_errors']);
}
//解析URL
private static function setUrl()
{
$c = $_REQUEST['c'] ?? 'Index';
$a = $_REQUEST['a'] ?? 'index';
define('CONTROLLER', $c);
define('ACTION', $a);
}
//自动加载方法
private static function set_autoload_function($class)
{
$class = explode('\\', trim($class));
$class = end($class);
//核心类
$file = CORE_PATH . $class . '.php';
if (file_exists($file)) include $file;
//控制器类
$file = CONTROLLER_PATH . $class . '.php';
if (file_exists($file)) include $file;
//模型类
$file = MODEL_PATH . $class . '.php';
if (file_exists($file)) include $file;
//插件类
$file = VENDOR_PATH . $class . '.php';
if (file_exists($file)) include $file;
}
//注册自动加载类
private static function setAutoload()
{
spl_autoload_register([__CLASS__, 'set_autoload_function']);
}
//分发控制器
private static function setDispatch()
{
try {
$c = ucfirst(CONTROLLER);
$controller = "\\controller\\{$c}Controller";
$c = new $controller();
$a = ACTION;
$a = explode('-', $a);
$a = implode('',$a);
//可变类
$c->$a();//可变方法
} catch (\Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}
}
}
/core/Controller.php
<?php
namespace core;
use Exception;
class Controller{
//smarty对象变量
private $smarty;
/**
* 初始化controller相关
*/
public function __construct()
{
$this->smarty = SmartySetup::getInstance();
}
//分配变量到模板
public function assign($key,$value){
$this->smarty->assign($key,$value);
}
//显示模板
public function display($file){
try {
$this->smarty->display($file);
} catch (Exception $e) {
die($e->getMessage());
}
}
}
/core/Model.php
<?php
namespace core;
class Model{
public $pdo;
public function __construct()
{
global $config;
//实例化
$this->pdo = new PdoMysql($config['database']);
}
public function getPdo(){
return $this->pdo;
}
}
/core/PdoMysql.php
<?php
namespace core;
use PDO;
class PdoMysql{
protected $link;
protected $options =[
'table'=>'',
'fields'=>'*',
'order'=>'',
'limit'=>''
];
//初始化
public function __construct($config)
{
$this->connect($config);
}
//连接MySQL
protected function connect(array $config){
$dsn = sprintf("mysql:host=%s;dbname=%s;charset=%s", $config['host'], $config['database'], $config['charset']);
$this->link = new PDO($dsn, $config['user'], $config['password']);
$this->link->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}
//查询
public function query(string $sql, array $values=[]){
$query = $this->link->prepare($sql);
$query->execute($values);
return $query->fetchAll();
}
//执行
public function execute(string $sql, array $values = []){
$query = $this->link->prepare($sql);
return $query->execute($values);
}
//表名
public function table(string $table){
$this->options['table'] = $table;
return $this;
}
//查询字段
public function fields(...$fields){
$fields = '`'. implode('`,`',$fields).'`';
$this->options['fields'] = $fields;
return $this;
}
//limit
public function limit(...$limit){
$limit = implode(',',$limit);
$this->options['limit'] = " limit " . $limit;
return $this;
}
//order
public function order(string $order){
$this->options['order'] = " order by " . $order;
return $this;
}
//条件
public function where(string $where){
$this->options['where'] = " where " . $where;
return $this;
}
//查询语句生成器
public function get(){
//select * from student where order limit
$sql = "select {$this->options['fields']} from {$this->options['table']} {$this->options['where']} {$this->options['order']} {$this->options['limit']}";
return $this->query($sql);
}
//插入
public function insert(array $values){
//insert into student () values ();
$fields = "`" . implode('`,`',array_keys($values)) . "`";
$placeholders = implode(',',array_fill(0,count($values),'?'));
$sql = "insert into {$this->options['table']} ($fields) values ($placeholders)";
return $this->execute($sql,array_values($values));
}
//更新
public function update(array $values){
//update student set name=?,age=?
if(empty($this->options['where'])){
throw new \Exception('update需要条件');
}
$fields = implode('=?,',array_keys($values))."=?";
$sql = "update {$this->options['table']} set ($fields) {$this->options['where']}";
return $this->execute($sql,array_values($values));
}
//删除
public function delete(){
//delete fromm student where
if(empty($this->options['where'])){
throw new \Exception('delete需要条件');
}
$sql = "delete from {$this->options['table']} {$this->options['where']}";
return $this->execute($sql);
}
}
/core/SmartySetup.php
<?php
namespace core;
use Exception;
class SmartySetup
{
//单例对象
private static $instance;
private function __construct(){}
//smarty单例
public static function getInstance(){
if (!self::$instance) {
$file = ROOT_PATH . 'vendor/smarty/Smarty.class.php';
require_once($file);
self::$instance = new \Smarty();
self::$instance->setTemplateDir(ROOT_PATH . 'app/view/');
self::$instance->setConfigDir(ROOT_PATH . 'configs/');
self::$instance->setCompileDir(ROOT_PATH . 'runtime/templates_c/');
self::$instance->setCacheDir(ROOT_PATH . 'runtime/cache/');
self::$instance->caching = \Smarty::CACHING_LIFETIME_CURRENT;
}
return self::$instance;
}
}
配置文件夹config
/config/config.php
<?php
return [
'database' => [
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'user' => 'root',
'password' => 'root',
'database' => 'php',
'charset' => 'utf8'
],
];
控制器 Controller
/app/controller/IndexController.php
<?php
namespace controller;
use core\Controller;
use model\StudentModel;
class IndexController extends Controller{
public function index(){
$name = '简单mvc';
$this->assign('name',$name);
$this->display('index.tpl');
}
//获取学生列表
public function getStudents(){
$student = new StudentModel();
$students = $student->pdo->table('student')->limit(10)->get();
$this->assign('students',$students);
$this->display('students.tpl');
}
}
模型 Model
/app/model/StudentModel.php
<?php
namespace model;
use core\Model;
class StudentModel extends Model {
public function getStudent(){
echo 'student';
}
}
视图view
/app/view/index.tpl
index模板<br>
{$name}
/app/view/students.tpl
学生列表:<br>
<ul>
{foreach $students as $student}
<li>{$student.id} | {$student.name} | {$student.age}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
第三插件插件 vendor
/vendor/smarty 下载smarty,复制libs文件夹到vendor下，命名为smarty
https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
数据库模拟数据
php > student
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=16 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1, '张三', 23);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (2, '李四', 23);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (9, '小花', 27);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (4, '小红', 23);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (8, '梁梅', 33);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (6, '李五毛', 24);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (7, '王小红', 26);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (10, '小花', 27);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (12, '李五', 24);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (13, '王小红', 26);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (14, '李五', 24);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (15, '王小红', 26);
COMMIT;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
浏览器访问控制器
/mvc/index.php?c=index&a=index
/mvc/index.php?c=index&a=get-students
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